Types of Vaccines
2 types of immunity
Passive and Active
Redness, swelling, and tenderness at the site
Mild, local reaction
Should not be given to individuals who are immunocompromised
Live vaccines
the nurse asks when and where the child received his/her immunizations and are immunizations up to date
Immunization history
the nurse asks about allergies, current illness, and any type of previous reactions to vaccines
Nursing assessment
To produce the maximum immune response with the least risks to the individual
The goal of all vaccines
Mild side-effects resolve
A few days
a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that warrants not receiving a vaccine
Anaphylaxis
a branch of the CDC that reviews and recommends immunizations schedules at least yearly and makes updates based on current practice
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
route of administration for IPV, MMR, and Varicella vaccines
Subcutaneous
Modified living organisms that have been weakened to produce immune response
Live attenuated vaccines
Low-grade fever
common mild reaction
not indicated for children younger than 2 y/o, older adults, or the immunocompromised
Influenza nasal spray vaccine
to be given to children between 11-12 years of age
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
spread through close physical contact & b y eating and drinking contaminated food or water; also required for travel to underdeveloped countries
Hepatitis A
Contains protein products produced by bacteria called toxins
Toxoid
Agency that should be notified of any adverse reactions
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS): co-sponsored by CDC and FDA
a food allergy that is contraindicated for an individual to receive the influenza vaccine
Eggs
recommended to be given to all children at age 12mo and a repeated dose 6-12mo later (total 2 doses)
Hepatitis A
some Colleges & Universities require this vaccine to 1st year students living in residence halls in close contact with one another
Meningococcal
Hepatitis B vaccine
An example of a Recombinant vaccine
The mandated information/education sheets provided for each vaccine
Vaccine Information Statements (VIS)
moderate to severe illness, immunosuppression, pregnancy, or recent blood products
Reasons to temporarily postpone vaccinations
children are given 3 doses by the age of 6 mo, followed by a booster at 12-15mo. & is not indicated for children <6 weeks or > 5 years old
Hib vaccine (Haemophilus influenza type B)
anaphylaxis reaction is believed to be associated with the neomycin or gelatin components of this vaccine rather than an egg component; this vaccine is no longer prepared with the albumin portion of egg
MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella)