ASD
Name the 3 diagnostic criteria for an ASD dx for social communication. Provide an example of each.How many must be present for an ASD dx?
Name the 4 diagnostic criteria for an ASD dx for RRBs. Provide an example of each. How many must be present for an ASD dx?
What is the difference between DLD and SLI?
SLI = language deficit is the primary deficit
DLD = language deficit is secondary to primary disorder
What is a dynamic assessment? What is it assessing?
1. test, teach, retest
2. how a child learns / stimulability
Describe the difference between implicit vs explicit learning and how this relates to children w/ DLD.
Implicit: learn language/speech concepts based on discovering patterns in perceptual input and generalization to other concepts
Explicit: facts and rule are directly presented to listener
Children w/ DLD usually have deficits in implicit learning and have difficulties understanding auditory features of stimuli (phonemes + tone differences) May benefit from explicit but its more difficult to generalize
Describe the purpose and steps of dialogic reading.
PEER
Prompt: (CROWD) ask Completion q, Recalling specific details q, Open-ended q, Wh- q, Distancing and connecting story to child's life/world
Evaluate: give feedback to child's response to question ^
Expand: rephrase child's response
Repeat: child repeats clinician/parent expansion
Describe the ASD spectrum/severity levels.
What is brain based learning theory and how does it relate to brain based intervention theory
BBL: learning = 1. increased # of neurons, 2. brain growth, 3. increased dendritic branching, 4. increased strength of associations occur most effective when influenced by individual's experiences and input during critical developmental periods
BBI: Memory/Hippocampus: make connection between individual’s experiences to new ideas/skills to create MORE meaningful associations
Describe the differences between communicative means vs functions. What component language is targeted by this assessment?
Communicative means: verbal vs non-verbal (MODE)
Communicative function: variety of communicative purposes (Requests, protests, comments)
Pragmatics/social communication
Semantic TX Considerations: Describe the 3 Tiers of vocabulary words for targets in tx.
Tier 1: frequent words that need little intervention to learn (more, no, yes, go)
Tier 2: functional words w/ high utility for many domains/contexts (intrigued, access)
Tier 3: domain specific low frequency words (like paraphasias, perseverations, filibuster)
What is JASPER?
Joint attention
symbolic play
engagement
regulation
commonly paired w/ EMT
Describe the strengths and weaknesses a person dx with level 1 ASD typically exhibits. What is masking, what skills are required to mask, and what are limitations of masking?
Explain connectionism and how it applies to most learning theories.
“Learning is a function of incremental changes in the strength of connection between neurons”
Purpose: learning is a process of statistically evaluating and integrating environmental input for optimal functioning
foundations for brain based learning
not contextualized
cognitive load
dialectical/cultural differences
reliability/validity concerns
Describe metacognition as it relates to language tx.
Emphasizes that complex speech reflects complex (connected thoughts)
- self awareness of productions
- asking questions
- self explanations
- compare and contrasting
-rereading, visualizing
- summarization
- predictions, inferences
Compare and contrast video modeling, comic stripping, and social stories.
Look at your notes lol
Name an ASD assessment for the following target populations...
1. ECI
2. Preschool
3. School age
4. Adults/Adolescents
5. Play assessment (name 2)
1. ECI: Communication symbolic behavior scales (CSBS)
2. Preschool: PLS
3. School age: CELF
4. Adults/Adolescents: TOPL
5. Play preference inventory + profile of individual play characteristics
Explain emergentism and give examples of internal vs environmental language learning influences.
1. abilities emerge due to individual’s experiences/capacity and environmental factors
SLPs Role: provide sufficient language input, child is engaged, increase opportunities for
success by narrowing choices
2. Internal: child's capacity to process input and previous language experiences
3. External: acoustic features of speech, social communication, linguistic aspects
Explain RIOT and how it relates to assessment procedures in language disorders.
Review: case history
Interview: individual's perception of disorder
Observations
Test: informal and formal
Follows the systems model of assessment: multimodal, means and function of communication, individualized for client's needs, strengths, and weaknesses
What is a Gestalt Language Processor vs Analytic Language Processor?
GLP: learns language in phrases
ALP: learn single words and combine to create phrases (typical development)
Name and describe 1 explicit and 1 implicit/naturalistic tx approach.
Check notes lol
Name all 6 phases of PECS and describe their procedures.
2. Increasing spontaneity
3. Simultaneous discrimination
4. Building sentence structure
5. Responding to "what do you want"
6. Commenting
Describe the competition model. (Hint: part of connectionist) What are the 3 components of this theory? HINT: one component is cue strength, what are the 2 cue factors for this?
features of language compete to gain input time/opportunities
1. Individual’s capacity to process linguistic information
2. Cue strength = cue reliability +cue frequency
3. Individual’s can’t learn ALL of language at once
One more theory oops: Describe bootstrapping and the implications of prosodic and syntactic bootstrapping.
Bootstrapping
1. Frequency and repetition -> stronger connections
2. Past experiences -> filter new language input for processing
3. Functional/social communication: stronger use of language when useful for situations
Prosodic: speech the child hears has prosodic cues to relevant language features (EX: questions and pitch)
Syntactic: child pays attention to syntactic frames to figure out word meanings (articles may be left off due to unimportance)
For narrative tx approaches: What is the difference between a story's microstructure and macrostructure?
Macrostructure: organization/clarity, cohesion/connections, number of story elements (setting characters, internal planning, initiating event, problem, conclusion, etc.) and overall maturity (NOT just listing)
What are the theoretical basis of EMT? (7)
1. Arrange Environment
2. Target Selection
3. Responsiveness
4. Expansions
5. Functional Reinforcement
6. Time Delay
7. Family Education/Training