OCD Facts
Intervention
Interoceptive Exposure
Efficacy
Statistics
100

What are two diagnostic features of OCD?

Obsessions and Compulsions 

100

What is the theory behind CBT-ERP? 

Cognitive Behavioral Theory 

100

What is step one of this intervention? How is it done? 

  1. Identify the Fear: The child expresses a fear that insects will infest their home, causing them to feel anxious and distressed. How distressed are they at first? 

100

True of False: Both CBT and ERP have been listed as evidence-based treatments by the APA Division 12 for children and adults 

True

100

With what age range is treatment for OCD using CBT-ERP effective?

ages 3-17

200

Name one possible etiological factor contributing to OCD

  • Overprotective parenting, invalidating childhood environment, and other ACEs

  • Frontoparietal-limbic dysfunction, orbitofrontal dysfunction, brain volume reduction, basal ganglia dysfunction, alterations in hippocampus, serotonergic-dopaminergic pathways as well as the glutamatergic system

  • Abnormalities in immune system, specifically cytokines

  • OCD linked to PANDAS and PANS

  • Genetic factors

200

True or False: Anxiety tends to increase directly after the start of treatment when using CBT-ERP

True 

200

What is step two of this intervention? How is it done? 

  1. Explain the Process: The therapist explains to the child and their parents that they will be practicing exercises to help the child get used to the feelings of anxiety without needing to avoid or escape from them.

200

True of False: CBT-ERP is more effective than medication

True 

200
Approximately what percentage of individuals are still unresponsive to treatment when using CBT-ERP for Pediatric OCD? (A range is okay)

30-40%

300

What is the difference (age) between early onset and late onset OCD? 

Early onset - before 10 

Late onset - after 10 

300

How long does treatment typically last for OCD when using CBT/ERP?

12 sessions

300

What is step four of this intervention? Name four examples of how this can be  done. 

  1. Induce Physical Sensations: The therapist guides the child to engage in activities that might mimic the physical sensations they feel when they are anxious about insects. For example:

    • Breathing through a straw to simulate shortness of breath.

    • Spinning in a chair to create dizziness.

    • Running in place to increase heart rate.

    • creativity....

300

True or False:  CBT-ERP is not as effective in group settings as it is in individual settings 

False

300

The effects of CBT-ERP have been proven in research to last up to how many months after treatment? 

How many months anecdotally are these positive effects expected to last after treatment? 

6 months 

9 months 

400

Name three assessments that can be used in diagnosing OCD or in evaluating treatment efficacy/outcomes

  • Diagnosing - CY-BOCS, SCARED, CBCL-OCS, COCEIS

  • Interviews: Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS) for Child

  • Clinician Rated Scales: Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS)
  • Self-Report Questionnaires

    • Children’s Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (C-FOCI)

    • Children’s Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (ChOCI-R)

    • Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Self Report (CY-BOCS)

    • Short Leyton Obsessional Inventory – Child Version

    • Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory

    • Padua Inventory Revised (ages 16+)

  • Parent Measures

    • Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale

    • Children’s Obsessional Compulsive Inventory

    • Family Accommodation Scale

    • Family Accommodation Checklist and Interference Scale (FACLIS)


400

What tends to be the most difficult part of treatment in treating individuals with OCD/ERP in terms of managing drop-out rates?

The Exposure parts of treatment 

400

Explain steps 5 and 6 of the intervention. How might this be done if a child has a fear of clowns?

  1. Exposure to the Fear: Once the child is experiencing these physical sensations, the therapist might introduce a mild exposure related to their fear, such as __________

  2. Response Prevention: The child is encouraged to stay in the situation and experience their anxiety without engaging in avoidance behaviors (e.g., running away, closing their eyes).

400

The _______ type of OCD is associated with more comorbid tic disorders and longer durations of treatment 

early onset 

400
What percent of the population, including children and adolescents, are diagnosed with OCD? ...A range is okay

1-4%

500

Name four comorbidities/factors that may negatively impact the efficacy of CBT-ERP for an individual with OCD

MDD

Disruptive Behavior disorders 

Tics/Hoarding 

Family accommodation 

early onset OCD 

primarily obsessions 

developmental/medical/intellectual disorders 

cultural factors...


500

The exposure part of treatment within CBT/ERP only works well if the child does not engage in what 2 types of behaviors? 

Avoidance and ritual behaviors 

500

What is step seven of this intervention? 

What is emphasized by the therapist in this step? 

What comes after this step? 

  1. Processing the Experience: After the exercise, the therapist discusses with the child how they felt, what they noticed about their anxiety, and how the sensations eventually decreased.

  2. The therapist reinforces that the physical sensations of anxiety are not harmful and can be tolerated.

  3. Gradual Increase in Exposure is next 

500

Name two modifications that can be made to CBT-ERP that have been linked to more positive outcomes? 

  • Family-based approach for aged 5-8

  • Motivational interviewing with ages 6-17

  • Using D-cycloserine for exposure for ages 8-17

  • Webcam/teletherapy adaptations for select, older clients

  • Bibliotherapy for older clients

500

What percent of of individuals experience onset of OCD symptoms before 18? 

80%

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