Neurodevelopmental Disorders
This disorder is characterized by persistent difficulty in reading (dyslexia), mathematics (dyscalculia), and/or written expression (dysgraphia).
What is a Specific Learning Disorder?
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must be present in at least this many settings.
What is Two or more?
This disorder involves multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic persisting for more than 1 year.
What is Tourette’s Disorder?
Research shows that more than half of all lifetime mental illness cases begin before this age.
What is Age 14?
When assessing a child, data should be collected from multiple sources, including parents and these individuals.
What are Teachers?
This complex neurobiological disability typically appears during a child's first 3 years of life and affects social interaction and communication skills.
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Children with this disorder display an angry or irritable mood, are argumentative/defiant with adults, and may be spiteful or vindictive.
What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?
Repetitive, seemingly purposeless behaviors like hand-waving, rocking, or head-banging that last for 4 weeks or more define this disorder.
What is Stereotypic Movement Disorder?
This term refers to the ability of a child to adapt to change, form nurturing relationships with other adults, and distance themselves from emotional chaos.
What is Resilience?
This restrictive intervention is considered dangerous and should only be used when authorized by a physician, with constant monitoring and early release.
What are Seclusion and Restraints?
A child with this communication disorder has problems using verbal and nonverbal means for interacting socially with others.
What is Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder?
This serious disorder involves aggression toward people/animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness/theft, and serious rule violations like truancy.
What is Conduct Disorder?
This specific type of behavioral therapy is used for tics and involves using a competing muscular response when the urge to tic is felt.
What is Habit Reversal (or Comprehensive Behavior Intervention for Tics)?
This acronym refers to traumatic events like abuse, neglect, or household dysfunction that strongly correlate with adult dysfunction.
What are ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences)?
Nurses should teach parents about these potential side effects of antipsychotics, which include involuntary movements and muscle stiffness.
What are Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS)?
Intellectual Developmental Disorders are characterized by impairments in these three domains of functioning.
What are Intellectual, Social, and Practical?
This disorder involves angry or impulsive outbursts with little warning, usually in response to minor provocation, followed by immediate relief then remorse.
What is Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED)?
While often associated with Tourette's in movies, this symptom (involuntary outbursts of obscene words) actually occurs in fewer than 10% of cases.
What is Coprolalia?
The brain undergoes dramatic changes during childhood, including a decline in the number of these connections (peaking at age 5).
What are Synapses?
This non-stimulant medication is commonly used to treat ADHD.
What is Atomoxetine (Strattera)?
This communication disorder involves deficits in the production or comprehension of language and can be expressive or receptive.
What is Language Disorder?
Central nervous system stimulants used for ADHD can increase the severity of these symptoms, requiring careful monitoring.
What are Tics?
This alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, often used for hypertension, is also prescribed to treat tics because it has fewer side effects than antipsychotics.
What is Guanfacine (Tenex/Intuniv) OR Clonidine?
This disorder is a trauma-stress related condition associated with severe emotional neglect, where a child rarely shows positive emotions to caregivers.
What is Reactive Attachment Disorder?
This therapy involves removing a child from an activity or reducing stimulation to manage disruptive behavior.
What is Time Out?