Physical and Health Disabilities
What is a physical disability?
Students with a physical disability have an acquired or congenital physical and/or motor impairment such as cerebral palsy, spinal bifida, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, developmental coordination disorder, amputations, genetic disorders, etc. The disability may interfere with the development or function of the bones, muscles, joints and central nervous system
True or False: AD/HD is often associated with learning disabilities
True
What is APD?
Auditory processing disorder (also known as central auditory processing disorder or CAPD) is a condition that makes it hard for children to recognize subtle differences between sounds in words. It affects their ability to process what other people are saying. Children with APD typically have normal hearing. But they struggle to process and make meaning of sounds. This is especially true when there are background noises.
Autism primarily affects...
behaviour, language and social interactions
Placement of students with exceptionalities in regular classrooms for a portion of the day
Integration
List 2 adaptations for someone who has a hearing impairment.
FM System- a frequency modulation system consisting of a transmitter microphone used by the teach and the receiver is used by the listener.
Seating arrangements
Facing the student, speak at the normal rate
Clear instructions, and visuals
Repetition
Noise reduction
Do not exaggerate pronunciation this will deter understanding.
What is ADHD?
ADHD is described as “a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with development, has symptoms presenting in two or more settings, and negatively impacts directly on social, academic or occupational functioning
What is a body break?
What can a child do during a body break?A moment during the day when a child can fill sensory needs.
•spinning
•rocking
•doing push-ups against the wall
•rubbing something with texture
•wearing a weighted vest or blanket
•listening to music
•sucking through a straw
•chewing something crunchy
•taking a visual break in a quiet environment
•using an assistive technology
What is the most frequently occurring chromosomal disorder?
Down Syndrome
What makes effective teachers in an inclusive setting?
Give 2 examples.
Awareness of the Big Picture (social, political, municipal and provincial).
Enthusiasm that Supports Learning
Consistency that Provides Security
Flexibility for Supporting Individuality
Ability to build Trustworthiness
Sense of Humor
Provisions of Positive Child Guidance Techniques
Ability to Facilitate and Support Children’s Efforts
Ability to Integrate Therapeutic Recommendations into everyday learning experiences
What is Cerebral Palsy?
What causes it?
How would you accommodate a child with this exceptionality?
Primarily affects the ability to control muscles and coordination
Caused by brain damage
Primary approach for children with cerebral palsy focuses on their physical needs
What could potentially cause a learning disability?
Genetic and hereditary influences
Causes occurring before birth
Causes occurring during birth process
Causes occurring after birth
List 5 limitations of Auditory Processing Disorder
ongoing transmission
analysis
organization
transformation
elaboration
storage
retrieval
use of information contained in audible signals.
True or False:
Fragile X Syndrome can be associated with Autism?
True
Explain the developmental approach to teaching.
Provide an example of this.
Viewing the child’s behaviours from a developmental perspective ; as developmental commonalities, developmental irregularities, or cultural differences that are seen in all children to a greater or lesser degree.
Focusing on the child rather than the exceptionality or disability.
What are 4 characteristics of Tourette Syndrome?
Various motor tics
Inappropriate laughing
Rapid eye movements
Winks and grimaces
Aggressive behaviours
Infrequently intellectual disability
mild to moderate incoordination
Peculiar verbalizations
Identify and explain 2 different types of learning disabilities.
Agnosia (Is a lack of knowledge, an inability to recognize the significance of sensory stimuli.)
Dysgraphia (Means a disturbance in the ability to express thoughts in writing.)
Dyscalculia (Is a disturbance in the ability to use and remember numbers and do arithmetic.)
Dyslexia (Refers to a severe difficulty in learning to read (Mercer, 1987,p374)
Scenario:
A 4 year old child in your group often throws temper tantrums, refuses to follow routine and transitions and sometimes uses profound language.
1. Identify this child's exceptionality.
2. Provide 3 examples of strategies for inclusion.
1. ODD
2. Effective instructions
Schedules
Organization
Social skill development
Prevention
Modification of the environment
Teaching alternative behaviours
Positive Reinforcement
Possible medical intervention
True or False:
Educational programs for children with Autism should include
-Incorporate functional activities
-Be age and developmentally appropriate
True
List 3 ways you can modify the environment for a child with an intellectual disability.
Provide sensory stimulation
Well structured and consistent routines and transitions.
Developmentally appropriate cognitive skills, and practical applications of skills
Use concrete materials and examples
Manipulatives
Practice Opportunities
Decoding skills
List 2 primary and 1 secondary characteristic of FASD
Primary: visual and/or hearing impairments, memory difficulties, impulse control
Secondary: mental health problems, frustration, employment difficulties
What instructional adaptations can you do for a child with ADHD?
Make language/instruction/information clear
Use visuals (steps on how to complete tasks)
Model
Rephrase
Guided Practice
Motivate
Reinforce
Structure
Reduce demands on memory by providing external memory cues
Teach self regulation
Break down objectives and goals into small steps
Body Breaks
What are the three categories of sensory processing disorder?
1. Sensory Modulation Disorder
2. Sensory-Based Motor Disorder
3. Sensory Discrimination Disorder
What are the 4 key educational goals for children with Autism?
Develop basic language and social skills
Provide academic instruction consistent with cognitive level
Teach functional skills for post-school success
Tie instruction to parental education (i.e., encompass behavioural interventions to enhance social and functional skills)
Explain 3 challenges teachers face with inclusion
Making adaptions and accommodating needs.
Adjusting curriculum and teaching strategies to individual differences and developmental variations.
Implementing recommendations from professionals and specialists.
Family expectations, and understanding
Training.