1
2
3
4
5
100
Classify the molecule shown according to the location of its carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms.
aldopentose
100
Glucose can be classified as
Fructose can be classified as
aldohexose
ketohexose
100
How many stereoisomers of an aldotetrose can exist?
4
100
Left- and right-handed mirror image molecules are known as
enantiomers
100
Molecules such as erythrose and threose, which are stereoisomers but not mirror images, are referred to as a pair of ________. D- and L-threose are mirror images and are referred to as a pair of ________.
A) anomers; diastereomers
B) diastereomers; anomers
C) diastereomers; enantiomers
D) enantiomers; diastereomers
E) anomers; enantiomers
diastereomers; enantiomers
200
draw D-glyceraldehyde
200
A sugar is classified as a D-isomer if the hydroxyl group
on the ______carbon _____from the carbonyl points to the ____.
on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl points to the right.
200
is this L or D isomer?
D isomer
200
Two isomeric sugars that are cyclic and only differ in the position of the -OH group attached to the hemiacetal carbon are called
anomers
200
Mutarotation is process where
glucose undergoes reaction to form an equilibrium mixture of anomers.
300
The conversion of cyclic glucose between the alpha form and the beta form is called
mutarotation
300
When a monosaccharide forms a ring by interaction of one of its hydroxyl groups with its aldehyde group, the bond is referred to as a(an) ________ linkage.
hemiacetal
300
hemiacetal linkage consists of a
carbon atom bonded to both an -OH and an -OR group
300
reaction of a simple sugar with an alcohol produces a ________
(3)
mixture of anomers
cyclic acetal
glycoside
300
Common reducing reactions of monosaccharides are due to
the presence of a carbonyl group, usually on the #1 carbon atom.
400
Ketoses can act as reducing sugars in basic solution because
the ketone is converted to an aldehyde by keto-enol tautomerization.
400
A glycosidic bond is
a bond formed between an anomeric carbon atom and any -OR group.
400
Cellulose is produced by ________, and its major function is ________.
plants; as a structural component
400
The reaction in which a disaccharide is broken down into its component monosaccharides is
hydrolysis
400
The molecular formula of the common disaccharides in human biochemistry is
C6H12O6.
500
Starch is produced by ________, and its major function is ________
plants; energy storage
500
Glycogen is produced by ________, and its major function is _______
animals; energy storage
500
Starch is composed of two polymers, ________, which is an unbranched chain, and ________, which is a branched polymer.
amylose; amylopectin
500
Which of the following statements comparing amylopectin and glycogen is false?
A) Both are polymers of α-D-glucose.
B) Both serve as energy storage molecules.
C) Glycogen is more highly branched than amylopectin.
D) Glycogen molecules are generally larger than amylopectin molecules.
E) none of the above
E) none of the above
500
a carbohydrate that can be oxidized to produce an acid molecule or its corresponding anion
reducing sugar