Gases
This variable must always be in Kelvin when using gas laws.
What is temperature?
This intermolecular force occurs when H is bonded to N, O, or F.
What is hydrogen bonding?
This factor increases reaction rate by providing an alternate pathway.
What is a catalyst?
This thermodynamic quantity describes heat flow at constant pressure.
What is enthalpy (ΔH)?
This process always occurs at the cathode.
What is reduction?
This law explains why increasing the amount of gas in a rigid container increases pressure.
What is the Ideal Gas Law?
Adding NaCl to water slightly decreases its freezing point because of this solution property.
What is colligative properties?
This diagram shows activation energy and reaction enthalpy.
What is a reaction energy diagram?
A process that increases disorder has this sign for ΔS.
What is positive?
A galvanic cell converts this form of energy into electrical work.
What is chemical energy?
A 2.50 mol sample of gas occupies 10.0 L at 298 K. This is the pressure in atm.
What is 6.12 atm?
(PV = nRT)
Given Ksp = 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ for AgCl, this is the molar solubility in pure water.
What is 1.3 × 10⁻⁵ M?
If rate = k[A]² and [A] doubles, the rate increases by this factor.
What is 4?
Using given ΔH values, calculate ΔH for the target reaction.
What is −76 kJ?
Calculate E°cell given E°cathode = +0.80 V and E°anode = −0.44 V.
What is +1.24 V?
Gas collected over water has a total pressure of 755 mmHg at 25 °C. Given water vapor pressure = 23.8 mmHg, this is the pressure of the dry gas.
What is 731 mmHg?
(Dalton’s Law)
The solubility of AgCl in 0.10 M NaCl compared to pure water is this.
What is smaller due to the common‑ion effect?
(Work involves ICE table and Ksp)
A first‑order reaction has k = 0.025 min⁻¹. This is the half‑life.
What is 27.7 minutes?
Calculate ΔG at 298 K given ΔH = −75 kJ and ΔS = −110 J/mol·K.
What is −42 kJ?
Calculate ΔG for a cell where n = 2 and E°cell = 1.10 V.
What is −212 kJ/mol?
At 25 °C, the Henry’s Law constant for O₂ is 1.3 × 10⁻³ mol·L⁻¹·atm⁻¹. At a partial pressure of 0.80 atm, this is the concentration of dissolved O₂.
What is 1.0 × 10⁻³ M?
Calculate the pH of a buffer containing 0.30 M acetic acid and 0.20 M acetate (Ka = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵).
What is pH = 4.56?
(Henderson–Hasselbalch)
A reaction has low activation energy but positive ΔG. This explains why the reaction occurs quickly but does not go to completion.
What is kinetics does not determine spontaneity?
Given ΔG° = −8.5 kJ/mol, calculate K at 298 K.
What is K ≈ 30?
(ΔG° = −RT ln K)
Calculate Ecell at 25 °C given E°cell = 1.10 V and Q = 0.010.
What is 1.16 V?