Cholinergics
Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system
What are cholinergics or parasympathomimetics?
primarily selective to the muscarinic receptors but are nonspecific because of the location of the receptors in the smooth muscles of the GI and GU tracts, glands and heart
What direct-acting cholinergics?
to inhibit or inactivate the enzyme cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase), thus permitting the accumulation of acetylcholine at the receptors
What is the action of an indirect-acting cholinergic?
Drugs that inhibit the actions of acetylcholine by occupying the acetylcholine receptors
What anticholinergics or parasympathomimetics?
Anticholinergic drugs affect the CNS by doing this of parkinsonism
What is suppress the tremors and muscular rigidity?
a neurotransmitter located at the ganglions and the parasympathetic terminal nerve endings
What is acetylcholine (ACh)?
This drug acts on the muscarinic receptor is is used primarily to increase urination
What is Bethanechol (Urecholine)?
These are use to promote pupillary constriction in the treatment of glaucoma and to increase muscle strnngth in those with myasthenia gravis
What are reversible cholinesterase inhibitors?
Major responses to anticholinergic medications (2)
What are increase heart rate and decrease salivation?
Scopolamine (anithistamine for motion sickness) can be administered for 3 days through this method
What is a transdermal patch?
a type of cholinergic receptor that stimulates smooth muscle and slow the heart rate
What are muscarinic receptors?
pilocarpine is given for this condition
What is glaucoma?
Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors are potent agents for this reason
What is their long-lasting effects?
Atropine is usually prescribed as a preoperative drug. The primary use of atropine
What is decreased salivation?
Anticholinergics can increase intraocular pressure, they should not be administered to those with this
What is glaucoma?
A type of cholinergic receptor that affects the skeletal muscles
What are nicotinic receptors?
Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) can be given orally and this method of administration
What is subcutaneously?
Client has myasthenia gravis. Teaching should include doing this to avoid respiratory weakness
What is taking the drug on time?
anticholinergics are contraindicated with glaucoma for this reason
What is increase intraocular pressure?
Dry mouth is a common side effect of anticholinergics. You are teaching your patient what can be done to help with this (3)
What is hard candy, chewing gum, and oral hygiene?
The name of the enzyme that is blocked through using indirect-acting cholinergic drugs
What is cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase)?
Bethanechol chloride (urecholine) is contraindicated if someone has a history of this (2)
What are severe bradycardia and hypotension
This drug improves the function of nerve cells in the brain. It works by preventing the breakdown of a chemical called acetylcholine
What is donepezil (Aricept)?
The major body tissues and organs affected by anticholinergics (6)
What are the heart, respiratory tract, GI tract, bladder, eyes, and exocrine glands?
With this review, the grade everyone should get on exam 2
What is an A?