Chapter
Who invented the lightbulb?
What is Thomas Alva Edison
Who were the business tycoons who led a successful steel monopoly and a successful oil monopoly?
What is Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller
Define closed shops
What is, companies that would only hire union members
Most urban working class families lived in what kinds of buildings?
What is, tenements
Did the Populist Party remain strong after the election of 1869?
What is no, they faded out but some of their policies remained in place (8 hour work day, restrictions on immigration, graduated income tax)
Who invented the telephone?
What is Alexander Graham Bell
Name the two companies that built the transcontinental railroad?
What is Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad
True or False - there was anti-immigration sentiment during the Gilded Age (especially towards Chinese immigrants). AND what is nativism?
What is, true. Nativism - an extreme dislike of foreigners by native-born people.
Were unions members inclusive toward women and minorities?
What is no, often times women and minority members were not allowed to be admitted into Unions
True or false - class separations were prevalent in the Gilded Age, but most people had more time and money to do recreational activities and entertainment outings?
What is true - wealthy families hired cooks, maids, nannies etc so they spent more time outside their homes and people starting enjoying recreation and entertainment more often.
One reason for the United States industrial success was its abundance of _____? List the 4 we talked about in class.
What is Natural resources. Timber, coal, iron, copper
Name the differences between vertical integration and horizontal integration
What is, vertical integration - when a company owns all the different businesses that are in the production process of a product. Horizontal integration - when a company buys out all of its competitors and creates a monopoly
What are ethnic centers and give me two examples?
Define push and pull factors? Give me examples of each.
Push factors - things that push people out of their home countries (ex: famine, persecution, war) Pull factors - things that make people want to immigrant to a specific place because of the opportunities it holds (jobs, religious freedom, low rent)
Who is Homer Plessy and what did he do/what decision came out of his court case? What are sharecroppers?
What is, Homer Plessy challenge the law that railroad cars could be separated by race and in Plessy v Ferguson, the Supreme Court upheld the Separate but Equal Doctrine. Sharecroppers are landless farmers who paid their landlords with a share of their crops.
Supporters of a laissez faire economy believed in what?
Little to no government interference in the economy, except to protect property rights.
Explain trusts and holding companies?
What is, a type of business model means that a person can control a business even if they aren't in it. What is a type of business model means that a company holds stock in another company and effectively creates a monopoly in that industry
Difference groups that entered Angel Island and Ellis Island? What are health inspections at these immigration stations, and what would happen if someone failed?
What is, Angel Island - mainly Asian immigrants. Ellis island - mainly European immigrants. Health inspections - inspections for contagious diseases, if you failed you were most likely turned around and sent back to your home country.
Explain why more skyscrapers were being built during the Gilded Age?
Land was becoming more expensive in cities, so business bought less land and built UP
What did the Pendleton Act enforce?
What is, jobs had to be filled by qualified applicants who passed writing exams rather than having people appointed just because they voted for someone
To raise money to build railroads, railroad companies would sell what? Explain the corruption here.
What is land grants, the corruption is that oftentimes Robber Barons would bribe Congress to give railroads more land grants, and then they would sell that land back to congress members for cheaper than what it would've been at market value
When one company monopolized their market, what were U.S. citizens afraid of?
What is, that the monopoly would set high prices for their product and people would be forced to pay since that was the only business producing that good/service
Name the 4 tactics that businesses would use to prevent their workers from unionizing?
What is 1. Workers signing oaths or contract promising not to join unions 2. Troublemaker lists - naming people who joined unions to prevent other companies from hiring those people 3. Lockouts - locking union members out and not paying them 4. Detectives would scope out the union members and report them
Social Darwinism is _____?
The belief that the fittest in society would survive, beat their competition, and thrive in society & the economy
Name some urban problems that people faced during the Gilded Age? What are political machines and how would they attempt to fix these problems? Name one political boss.
What is crime, pollution, unsanitary water, diseases, cramped houses, lack of job opportunities etc. Political machines & their bosses (William Boss Tweed), would offer jobs, housing, heat, etc., in exchange for votes.