Dynamic assessment:
a form of testing in which an adult introduces purposeful teaching into the testing situation
social-constructivist classroom:
children jointly construct understandings with teachers and peers.
Convergent thinking:
arriving at a single correct answer; emphasize on intelligence test
Western parents stress:
independence and aelf-assertion
popular-prosocial children:
stereotyped threat
fear of being judged on the basis of negative stereotypes can trigger anxiety that interferes with performance
Reciprocal teaching:
groups questions, summarize, clarify, and predict in cooperative diaglougs
large socioeconomic inequalities are associated with:
Mastery oriented:
attributions children credit their success to ability that can be improved with effort; they have a growth mindset about ability
rejected-agressive children:
high rates of conflict, aggression, and impulsive behavior
Flynn effect:
describes how IQs have increased steadily from one generation to the next
Communities of learning:
adult and child contributors define and resolve problems
between ages 8-11 children begin to evaluate themselves based on:
competencies rather than specific behvaiors
attribution retraining:
an intervention encouraged learned helplessness children to believe they can overcome failular
popular anti-social children:
relationally aggressive boys and girls who also engage in prosocial acts
traditional classrooms:
the teacher is the sole authority
educational self-fulling prophecy:
children may adapt to their teachers' positive or negative views and start to live up to them.
Between ages, 4-6 compare their performance:
against a single peer
Friendships become:
more complex and psychologically based
rejected withdrawn children:
passive and socially awkward
constructivist classroom:
children jointly construct understandings with teachers and peers
inclusive classroom:
learning disabled children learn alongside typical students
Asian parents stress:
harmonious interdependence
What's a defining feature of friendship?
Trust
controversial children engage in:
positive and negative social behaviors, but they have qualities that protect them from inclusion