POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE
Populations are ________ meaning they change over ______ and ______
Dynamic time and space
What are the four processes that change population size and which two increase size and which two decrease size
Births immigration, deaths emigration
Do humans have a carrying capacity?
Yes, we have a finite planet with finite resources
List the two ways dispersal can be limited
Physical features of the environment, human activities diving populations
Define effective population size
Number of individuals that can contribute offspring to the next generation
Explain why the amazon is on fire right now
Deforestation allows fire to spread more rapidly without a natural barrier to block the spread
List and provide an example of each three types of dispersions without a population (dispersal patterns)
regular (plants or birds all same distance from each other), random (dandelions dispersed by wind), clumped (elephants around a resource such as watering hole)
What happens if a population exceeds its carrying capacity? What does this look like on a graph
Sharp exponential incline past K and then sharp decline and then fluctuations
What are the values for lambda and r when population size remains the same
Lambda = 1 and r = 0
Name all four methods of estimating actual abundance and distribution and explain why each one is used or through what methods these techniques are conducted
Distance methods- line transects, mark and recapture-mobile organisms , area based- sessile organism, niche modeling- distribution prediction
Provide an e/c value that would result in a population persisting and a population not persisting and define the terms.
Persisting less than 1
Not persisting greater than 1
extinction/ colonization
Describe the difference between geometric and exponential growth
Geometric organisms reproduce in synchrony at discrete time periods
Exponential organisms reproduce continuously over time
Explain the conclusion drawn about the metapopulation graph of butterflies
General pattern patches that are closer together and larger are more likely to be colonized
Metapopulations are a set of spatially ________ populations ________ to one another by _____________
Isolated, linked, dispersal
List some density independent and density dependent factors that help determine population size
Density independent factors: catastrophes such as fires, floods, hurricanes
Density dependent factors: population growth may decline at high densities (too many plants or offspring not all survive)