Twilight of the Western Empire
This emperor ordered the compilation of Roman law known as the Corpus Juris Civilis.
Who was Justinian?
The complete word of Allah according to the prophet Mohammed.
What is the Quran?
This Frankish king converted to Christianity around 496 and united the Franks under one crown.
Who was Clovis I?
This controversy involved the dispute over the appointment of bishops by either the Papacy or the Emperor.
What is the Investiture Controversy?
This council in 325 asserted the doctrine of the Trinity.
What is the Council of Nicaea?
The last Roman Emperor in the West.
Who was Romulus Augustulus?
These leaders succeeded Muhammad as heads of the Muslim community.
Who were the caliphs?
This Latin title meant “mayor of the palace,” and was held by Charles Martel and Pepin of the Carolingian dynasty.
What was the "Major Domo?"
The “two swords” symbolize these two powers.
What are spiritual and temporal authority?
This monastic rule emphasized prayer, work, and living in community instead of in isolation.
What was the Rule of St. Benedict?
This Germanic tribe initiated the sack of Rome that inspired Augustine to write his "City of God"
Who were the Vandals?
The First Crusade was called by this pope.
Who was Pope Urban II?
Barbarossa drowned during this crusade.
What was the 3rd Crusade?
This agreement in 1122 helped resolve the controversy.
What was the Concordat of Worms?
This early heresy denied Christ’s full divinity.
What was Arianism?
The profession of Theodora prior to her elevation as empress.
What is an actress? (pseudo prostitute)
This Muslim dynasty ruled during much of the Crusades and built a vast empire.
Who were the Abbasids?
Frederick Barbarossa belonged to this dynasty.
What was the Hohenstaufen dynasty?
This document asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers.
What was the Dictatus Papae?
The great cathedral rebuilt by Justinian.
The Exarchate (governor) of this city represented Byzantine rule in Italy after Justinian's reconquest.
What is Ravenna?
This agreement during the Third Crusade allowed Christian pilgrims into Jerusalem.
What was the Treaty of Jaffa?
The alliance of northern Italian city-states that organized against Barbarossa.
What was the Lombard League?
This pope excommunicated Henry IV.
Who was Gregory VII?
This controversy over religious icons and their use divided Byzantium in the 8th–9th centuries.
What was Iconoclasm?