Heresies
This heresy taught that Christ’s human body was incorruptible from the moment He became man, meaning that His body could not naturally suffer, grow weak, or die like ours, denying the true humanity of Christ.
What is Julianism or Aphartodocetism?
This heresy taught that Christ had two natures, divine and human, but only one will, denying the existence of a human will in Christ and contradicting the belief that He is fully human and fully divine.
What is Monothelitism?
This Ethiopian saint created the Zema, the system of musical notation and liturgical chant that continues to shape Ethiopian Tewahedo worship today.
Who is St. Yared?
Which Church is referred to as Malankara or Jacobite.
What is the church in India
The city of Alexandria is located in which country.
What is Egypt?
This heresy taught that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are not one God in three persons, but rather three separate gods, wrongly dividing the divine essence into three distinct beings.
What is Tritheism?
This heresy claimed that Christ had two natures but acted with only one energy, combining His divine and human actions into a single operation, denying the distinctiveness of His human activity.
What is Monoenergism?
This patriarch was repeatedly exiled by Byzantine authorities for defending Cyrilline Christology, maintaining the Coptic Church’s sacraments and clergy during decades of persecution.
Who is Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria?
Under the influence of the Nine Saints and leaders like Abuna Salama I, these Ethiopian institutions, including Abba Garima and Debre Damo, became centers of worship, theological study, manuscript preservation, and the safeguarding of Miaphysite faith and liturgical traditions.
What are Ethiopian monasteries?
What are the Oriental Orthodox Churches?
What is the Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, Ethiopian, Eritrean and Malankara (Indian) Churches
This heresy taught that Jesus Christ did not have complete human knowledge, claiming that He was ignorant of some things during His earthly life, which denied the fullness of His human mind.
What is Agnoetism?
This heresy taught that creating, venerating, or praying before icons of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or the saints was wrong, claiming that images were idolatrous and should be destroyed or prohibited.
What is Iconoclasm?
This bishop traveled in disguise across Syria, Mesopotamia, Armenia, and Egypt, secretly ordaining hundreds of priests and dozens of bishops to save the Syriac Orthodox Church from extinction.
Who is St. Jacob Baradaeus?
These Christians in India, maintaining ties with the Syriac Orthodox Church, followed Miaphysite theology, received bishops from the Middle East, organized local synods in Kerala, and used monastic communities to preserve liturgy, manuscripts, and clerical formation.
Who are the Saint Thomas Christians (Malankara Church)?
This controversial teaching claimed that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son, which the Oriental Orthodox Churches rejected because it altered the original Nicene Creed and misrepresented the relationship of the Trinity.
What is Filioque?
This heresy taught that Christ had two natures, divine and human, but only a single will, attempting to reconcile differences between Chalcedonian and Miaphysite theology while denying the full human will of Christ.
What is Proto-Monothelitism?
This religion, emerging in the seventh century, taught that Jesus was only a prophet, denied His divinity and resurrection, rejected the doctrine of the Trinity, and taught that salvation comes through submission to God rather than through Christ’s incarnation.
What is Islam?
This Coptic Patriarch defended the Miaphysite faith during intense Chalcedonian pressure, guided clergy and laity, and strengthened monastic life in the early 6th century.
Who is Pope Timothy III of Alexandria?
In the eighth century, this Syriac Orthodox monk maintained strict monastic discipline, organized liturgical observances, and helped preserve Miaphysite theology at monasteries such as Mar Mattai near Mosul.
Who is St. George of Reshʿayna?
These monks in the 7th–8th centuries lived at Abba Garima Monastery in Ethiopia, dedicating their lives to prayer, asceticism, copying manuscripts, and preserving the Miaphysite faith and liturgical traditions.
Who are the Desert Fathers of Abba Garima?
This heresy revived the teachings of Origen, claiming that all souls preexisted before birth and that eventually all beings, including the devil, would be saved, contradicting Church teaching on judgment and salvation.
What is Neo-Origenism?
This heresy, which spread in Armenia and Byzantium, taught that the Old Testament was false, rejected the sacraments of the Church, denied the authority of bishops and priests, and believed in a dualistic struggle between good and evil.
What is Paulicianism?
This Syriac Orthodox leader preserved monastic and liturgical traditions during the mid-eighth century, ensuring the survival of church practices under Abbasid rule.
Who is St. Jacob of Nisibis II?
During the 6th century, these Coptic popes, including Timothy III and Theodosius I, defended Cyrillian Christology, preserved sacramental life, coordinated clandestine clergy, and guided the Church despite persecution and exile under Byzantine rulers enforcing Chalcedonian doctrine.
Who are Pope Timothy III and Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria?
St. Yared, the Ethiopian saint, composed these three traditional chant modes that are still used in the Ethiopian Tewahedo Church’s liturgy today.
What are Ge’ez, Ezel, and Araray?