Heresies
This mid-5th-century heresy taught that humans could begin the process of salvation on their own, but God’s grace was needed to complete it.
What is Semi-Pelagianism?
This 5th-century Patriarch of Alexandria condemned Nestorianism at the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD and defended the unity of Christ’s Person.
Who is St. Cyril of Alexandria?
This Ge’ez word means “being made one” and describes the belief that Jesus Christ’s divine and human natures are united in one complete, living Person.
What is Tewahedo?
This passage teaches that salvation is a gift from God received by faith and not something humans can earn by works.
What is Ephesians 2:8-9?
This apostle wrote that “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God,” and that the Word became flesh to dwell among us.
Who is John?
This early 5th-century heresy claimed humans could achieve salvation through their own efforts without needing God’s grace.
What is Pelagianism?
This Patriarch of Alexandria supported Miaphysitism and was deposed and exiled after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD for refusing to accept Dyophysitism.
Who is St. Dioscorus of Alexandria?
This Greek word, meaning “person” or “identity,” was used in early Christianity to explain that Christ is one unified “who” even though He has both divine and human natures.
What is prosopon?
This council condemned Pelagianism and affirmed that humans need God’s grace for salvation, supporting St. Augustine’s teachings.
What is the Council of Carthage (418 AD)?
This monk and archimandrite in Constantinople promoted the teaching that Christ’s human nature was absorbed into His divine nature, leading to the Eutychian controversy.
Who is Eutyches?
Condemned at the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD, this heresy claimed Jesus was two separate persons, one human and one divine.
What is Nestorianism?
This 5th–6th century Patriarch of Antioch defended Miaphysitism, wrote many theological works in exile, and is remembered as a major Oriental Orthodox theologian.
Who is St. Severus of Antioch?
This Oriental Orthodox belief teaches that Jesus Christ has one united nature that is fully divine and fully human, preserving the unity of His Person.
What is Miaphysitism?
This council condemned Nestorianism and affirmed that Jesus Christ is one Person, fully God and fully human.
What is the Council of Ephesus (431 AD)?
This British monk in the early 5th century taught that humans could achieve salvation through their own efforts without God’s grace.
Who is Pelagius?
Affirmed at Chalcedon in 451 AD, this teaching declares that Jesus Christ has two natures in one Person, fully divine and fully human.
What is Chalcedonian Dyophysitism?
This 5th-century Pope wrote the “Tome of Leo,” which clarified that Christ has two natures in one Person, and his teachings helped shape the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD.
Who is Pope Leo?
In Oriental Orthodox teaching, this term describes what something is — and in Christology, it refers to the divine and human realities united into one composite unity in the Incarnate Word.
What is Nature?
This council clarified that Jesus Christ has two natures in one Person, fully divine and fully human, and condemned Eutychianism.
What is the Council of Chalcedon (451 AD)?
This emperor called the Second Council of Ephesus in 449 AD to address disputes over Christ’s nature and supported the Miaphysite faction led by Dioscorus of Alexandria.
Who is Emperor Theodosius II?
Condemned at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD, this heresy claimed that Christ’s human nature was absorbed into His divine nature, creating essentially one nature.
What is Eutychianism or Monophysitism?
This Byzantine emperor issued the Henotikon in 482 AD in an attempt to reconcile Chalcedonian and Miaphysite Christians and reduce conflict in the empire.
Who is Emperor Zeno?
In Oriental Orthodox theology, this term refers to the one, unified identity of Christ, the single “who” in whom divinity and humanity are united without separation.
What is Person?
This imperial edict, issued by Emperor Zeno, tried to reconcile Chalcedonian and Miaphysite Christians by emphasizing Christ’s unity while avoiding details about His natures.
What is the Henotikon (482 AD)?
This Patriarch of Constantinople was condemned at the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD for teaching that Christ was two separate persons, one human and one divine.
Who is Nestorius?