Symptoms
Patients who have chronic kidney disease have (many or few) symptoms.
What is few symptoms?
Heart failure and cirrhosis are pre-renal causes of chronic kidney disease. This is the reason why these pre-renal causes cause kidney damage.
What is decreased renal perfusion leading to acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
Patients with hypertension should monitor what daily at home to reduce the risk of worsening CKD?
What is blood pressure?
The nurse (should / should not) take a blood pressure over an AV fistula.
What is should not take a blood pressure over an AV fistula?
The patient is worried about their fluctuating calcium electrolyte levels. The patient takes a calcium channel blocker to control their blood pressure. The nurse knows that calcium channel blockers (increase, decrease, or do not affect) calcium levels.
What is calcium channel blockers do not affect calcium levels?
The medical term for swelling of the peripheral extremities, usually seen in the ankles, that is common with chronic kidney disease.
What is edema?
The disease that causes damage to the nephrons through high blood sugar.
What is diabetes mellitus?
Patients with chronic kidney disease should drink 1,000 mls, 800 mls, or 600 mls plus the amount equal to urine output of the previous day.
What is drink 600 mls plus the amount of urine output the previous day?
High fluid intake can lead to hypertension which can worsen CKD.
Treatment that can help control electrolyte changes for patients with chronic kidney disease.
What is hemodialysis?
What is should not give the medicine?
The clinical terms for decreased urine output, often related to advanced chronic kidney disease.
What is anuria or oliguria?
Anuria is less than 100 mls of urine in 24 hours and oliguria is less than 400 mls of urine in 24 hours.
Hypertension leads to chronic kidney disease because of this change to the arteries that supply the kidney.
What is narrowed, weakened, or hardened arteries due to atherosclerosis?
Your patient wants to know what a fistula is, you tell them...
What is a AV fistula is used to connect a vein and an artery, typically in the arm, and is creating during a surgical procedure?
The patient is concerned about a kidney specific diet. The interdisciplinary team member should the nurse contact is..
What is a dietitian?
Ferrous fumarate (iron) can come in a liquid solution as 100mg/5mls. The dose is 200mg. The patient asks if they can a kitchen spoon to measure the medication. You tell them...
What is medication should be measured exactly with a medication cup?
The change in the this lab value (increase or decrease) when you have decreased erythropoietin (EPO) produced in the bone marrow to stimulate the development of red blood cells.
What is decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit (anemia)?
The amount of urine per hour that is concerning for renal dysfunction.
What is less than 30 mls/hr?
Foods a patient with CKD can eat to limit their potassium intake.
What is decrease leafy greens, root vegetables (carrots, potatoes), vine fruits (tomatoes, cucumbers), and tree fruits (avocados, apples, bananas, and oranges)?
Nurse knows that ice cream and popsicles (should / should not) be added when calculating fluid intake for patients.
What is should include ice cream and popsicles in fluid intake measurements?
Anything that is liquid at room temperature is considered a fluid.
You review the patient's labs and they have hyperkalemia. The treatment or medication you may expect the provider to order is...
What is hemodialysis?
The electrolyte that is often elevated in untreated chronic kidney disease which can result in cardiac dysrhythmias.
What is hyperkalemia?
Potassium is often increased with untreated or under-treated chronic kidney disease because the decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) does not filter and excrete the potassium through the urine.
Two lab values that will increase in relation to increased kidney damage.
What is BUN and creatine?
Urea nitrogen (from BUN) and creatine is filtered by the kidneys and an increase in BUN and creatine may signal decreased kidney filtration.
You tell the patient that if they gain 1kg of weight gained in a short period of time can be estimated as how much fluid overload.
What is 1 kg of weight gained can be an estimated 1 liter gained?
The appropriate nursing assessment to ensure an AV fistula is working.
What is listening for a bruit and feeling for a thrill?
What medication(s) can be given for anemia with CKD.
What is Epoetin or iron supplements?