Popes
The pope who organized the crusades in 1095.
Who is Pope Urban II?
The council that recommended pastors teach Christian Doctrine to young people and that every parish needs to establish a Catholic School.
What is the First Plenary Council?
The encyclical written by Pope Leo XIII was issued in 1891, applied the Church’s traditional doctrines to the conditions of the modern world.
What is Rerum Novarum, or “Of New Things”?
In 1803, this person sold the Louisiana Territory to a new nation for $15 million.
Who is Napoleon?
The secret meeting in which they elect a pope.
What is conclave?
The pope who declared children could receive their First Holy Communion as soon as they were old enough to understand Christ’s presence in the Eucharist.
Who is Pope Pius X?
The council focused on confronting the need for reform within the Church and disproving Protestant beliefs from 1545 to 1563.
What is the Council of Trent?
The encyclical written by Pope John Paul II described humanity’s dependence on God and divine law while explaining that real freedom depends on the truth.
What is Veritatis Splendor, or “The Splendor of Truth”?
This person wrote the 95-theses and created the Protestant Revolution.
Who is Martin Luther?
The period between the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the Modern Age.
What is renaissance?
The pope who set up an official court called the Inquisition.
Who is Pope Gregory IX?
The council voted to establish a nationwide Catholic school system with the goal of having every Catholic child enrolled in a Catholic School.
What is the Third Plenary Council?
The encyclical written by Pius XII, was issued in 1931 summarized the positive impact of the Rerum Novarum and restated the need to work for a just society.
What is the Quadragesimo Anno, or “After Forty Years”?
In 1871, this person began a program of persecution against Catholics, known as Kulturkampf (conflict of cultures).
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
The council to be attended by all the bishops of a specific country or region.
What is the Plenary Council?
The pope who negotiated treaties with Mussolini and Hitler in order to secure the rights of the Church.
Who is Pope Pius XI?
The council that declared the many aspects of the Law of Moses and certain marriage laws would be the law for all Christians, but wouldn’t be required for Gentiles converting to Christianity.
What is the Council of Jerusalem?
The encyclical written by Pope John XXIII, was issued in 1961 and discussed the teachings of Pope Leo XIII’s encyclical Rerum Novarum in the context of the modern world.
What is the Mater et Magistra, or “Mother and Teacher”?
This person who started the first Catholic newspaper in the United States.
Who is John England?
The divine guarantee that the pope’s official statements of doctrine regarding faith and morals are free from error, would cause Catholics to disregard the German government.
What is Papal infallibility?
The pope who led the Church through the horrors of World War II, which took 60 million lives.
Who is Pius XII?
The council that required Catholics to receive Holy Communion at least one a year and described the changing of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ as transubstantiation.What is the Fourth Lateran Council?
What is the Fourth Lateran Council?
The encyclical written by Pope John Paul II was issued in 1998 where he dealt with a topic that has concerned philosophers since the Enlightenment.
What is Fides et Ratio, or “Faith and Reason”?
This person made a general council of the Church from 1414 to 1418 that decided to set aside all of the three rival popes during the Great Schism of the West.
Who is Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund?
The remission of the temporal punishment due to sins already forgiven by God.
What is indulgence?