Theology
Arius believed that _______ was created by God the Father.
Jesus
Constantine convened the Council of Nicaea in what year?
325
Who crowned Charlemagne emperor?
The pope (Leo III)
The period of history when the Church wielded tremendous spiritual and political power was known as:
Christendom
What is the heresy (#3) that claims Jesus was a man who was adopted into the Trinity?
Adoptionism
The most important doctrine (or set of beliefs) that became established as a result of the Council of Nicaea was ________.
The doctrine of the Trinity.
Who is considered the Father of Western monasticism?
St. Benedict
What is the pope's official title?
The bishop of Rome
How did Charlemagne conquer his neighbors so effectively?
Forced conversions
What is the heresy (#4) that claims that there are tiers that exist in the Trinity, with God the Father being the most fully God, the Son being a lesser expression, and the Holy Spirit being an even lesser expression?
Arianism
What was the great theological debate that occupied the 5th century?
Christology
When was Rome sacked?
410 AD
Which pope was in office when the Great Schism occurred?
Leo IX
What act of Charlemagne would culminate in the Crusades nearly 300 years later?
The militarization of the Church
What is the heresy (#5) that states Jesus is two separate persons - one divine and one human?
Nestorianism
Christology is the study of _______.
How Jesus' divinity relates to his humanity.
Name the date of the Great Schism and who was involved.
1054
The Western and Eastern Churches
Which pope called for the First Crusade?
Urban II
What was the Islamic Caliphate?
The period of Islamic expansion in which the government was both a political and religious state.
What is the heresy (#6) that states that Jesus is one person with one divine nature?
Monophysitism
Describe the orthodox view of Christology.
Jesus is one person, two natures, fully divine and fully human.
Name three of Charlemagne's (positive or negative) accomplishments.
Possible answers:
Restored Western Empire
First Western emperor in 3 centuries
Emphasized education and the arts
Organized a professional military
Combined church and state
Militarized the church
Name two of the abuses of power that Leo IX officially ended within the Western Church.
Simony (The purchasing of a position within the Church.)
Lay Investiture (The appointment of Church leadership by political rulers.)
List one positive reason and two negative reasons why the pope called for a Crusade.
Possible responses:
Positive
To defend the Byzantines
To protect Christian pilgrims
Negative
To consolidate power
To give Europe an enemy to fight
To gain land and wealth
Name all seven heresies we have covered in class.
1. Gnosticism
2. Modalism
3. Adoptionism
4. Arianism
5. Nestorianism
6. Monophysitism
7. Iconoclasm