Levels of Government
What is the provincial equivalent of the Governor General?
Lieutenant Governor
What is a minority government?
The winning party attained the most seats, but with less than half of them.
What document is the primary law the federal government uses to manage Indigenous affairs?
The Indian Act of 1876
What is an international crime tribunal and what do they investigate?
The UN created ICTs to try international crime. They investigate crimes against humanity.
Differentiate between jurors and the jury panel.
Juror: sits in on cases and helps decide verdict
Jury panel: pool of potential jurors from which jurors are selected
What are the two groups make up the legislative branch?
House of Commons and Senate
What are 2 tasks undertaken by the Governor General?
1) sign Royal Assent to finalize bills into laws
2) appoint Chief Justice of Supreme Court (with PM's input)
Define 'self-determination'.
Self-determination: A people's right to form its own political entity.
Conflicts in which countries prompted the first International Criminal Tribunal?
Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda - both considered genocides or 'ethnic cleansing'
Describe 2 differences between the left and right of the political spectrum.
Left: community-based, higher taxes, social justice and openness to immigration
Right: individual-based, smaller governments, lower taxes, fewer community supports
What is the main responsibility of each branch of the federal government?
Executive: decision-making
Legislative: law-making
Judicial: law-interpreting
What is the Opposition?
What is its main purpose?
How do citizens benefit from the Opposition?
Opposition: party with 2nd-most seats in the House, led by the leader of this party
Purpose: keep leading party accountable
Benefit: ensures citizens who did not vote for winning party are still considered
How is self-government of Indigenous bands limited?
They are limited by parliamentary amendments; they only have as much authority as parliament delegates.
What was different about the reason for the UN stepping in to manage the conflicts that encouraged the formation of international criminal tribunals? This caused some controversy over whether the UN should have gotten involved in the first place.
These were domestic disputes where, previously, the UN had only gotten involved in international disputes.
State 3 ways in which NAPS is different from other forms of law enforcement.
* not deemed essential service in Ontario
* cover northern Ontario, mainly reserves
* meet different standards than other law enforcement in the province
* more culturally focused - many officers are themselves Indigenous and work on the reserves in which they live
Describe the process of a bill becoming a law. Use these words in your description:
Stage(s)
Senate
Sponsor
Royal Assent
Committee
Report
House of Commons
* 3 readings in HoC after bill is introduced by sponsor
* goes through several stages:
* Committee: bill moves to specialized committees to further refine and amend bill
* Report: bill is read to entire HoC after final amendments are made
* if approved, bill moves to senate for 3 more rounds of readings and votes
* if approved, moves to Governor General for Royal Assent
What are the main two groups of the Judicial branch of federal government? Who leads them?
Supreme Court led by Chief Justice (supreme)
Federal Court led by Chief Justice (federal)
What is the UN's stance on Indigenous self-government? Be specific.
The UN declares the Indigenous people's have the right to self-government in matters relating to their own affairs, including the means for financing autonomous functions.
What are 2 main concerns/debate around having International Criminal Tribunals involved in disputes like civil wars?
Concerns regarding domestic disputes:
* powerful nations may be treated differently from less powerful nations
* interference in domestic affairs should be limited so that the people can solve them on their own and in their own ways
* history of 'targeting' African nations
*Define "non-judicial dispute resolution".
* What is its purpose?
* How is it beneficial?
* What are the mediator's responsibilities?
* resolving a civil dispute between two or more parties out of court with a mediator instead of a judge/jury
* purpose: to resolve disputes outside of court, usually smaller cases
* Benefits: cheaper, focus on healing over punishment, equal representation of both parties
* Mediator: listen, summarize points, ensure both parties are heard, guide parties to solution in common interest
Name the leaders of 5 of these political parties (no partial points!):
Liberal
Conservative
Green
New Democratic Party
People's Party of Canada
Bloc Quebecois
Liberal: Mark Carney
Conservative: Andrew Scheer
Green: Elizabeth May
New Democratic Party: Don Davies (interim)
People's Party of Canada: Maxime Bernier
Bloc Quebecois: Yves-François Blanchet
Who does the Bloc Quebecois consist of (former members of...)?
What was the name of the referendum that incited the formation of the Bloc?
What was the purpose of the referendum?
What is the Bloc's main goal?
Who is allowed to run in the Bloc's party?
* consists of former members of liberal and conservative parties
* Meech Lake Accord
* intended to convince Quebec to sign Canadian constitution
* mainly concerned with Quebec's sovereignty
* only run candidates in Quebec
*How do bands function?
*What do they consist of? (people)
*Who/What oversees bands?
*Provide 2 examples of issues bands govern once they have self-government.
* function as local governments
* consist of elected chiefs and 1 councilor per 100 band members
* Overseen by Indigenous Crown Relations and Northern Affairs
* They can govern education, infrastructure, housing, utilities, cultural events, etc.
Summarize the main goals of the three NGOs discussed in class.
Amnesty international: end imprisonment due to crimes of consciousness
Red Cross: provide medical aid during emergencies and conflicts, regardless of 'sides'
Greenpeace: environmental concerns, end nuclear arms
What is a global citizen? List and describe 3 traits a global citizen would possess?
Global citizen: someone who is aware of and understands the wider world and their place in it
Traits: Various
Informed, assertive, politically active, likely to volunteer, value diversity, aware of rights, likely to advocate for social justice, etc.