The Middle Ages
This period lasted roughly from 476 CE to 1450 CE.
What is The Middle Ages
This religion began in the 7th century on the Arabian Peninsula.
What is Islam
This type of evidence was considered the highest form of proof in Medieval courts.
What is a confession?
This political theory argues that all power should be concentrated in the hands of a single ruler.
What is Absolutism
This intellectual movement emphasized reason, science, and individual rights.
What is the Enlightenment
This event in 476 CE traditionally marks the beginning of the Middle Ages.
What is the Fall of the Roman Empire
This group preserved written knowledge in monasteries.
Who are Monks?
Because confessions were so valued, this practice was accepted in judicial systems.
What is Torture
This English philosopher argued that people give up freedoms to a strong ruler to avoid chaos.
→ Who is Thomas Hobbes
This Enlightenment thinker argued that government power should be divided into three branches.
Who is Montesquieu?
During this period, society was organized under feudalism.
What is the Medieval Period
Jewish communities in Medieval Europe were especially involved in this economic activity
What is banking?
This legal practice involved enduring fire or water to prove innocence.
What is Trial by ordeal?
This document, written by Hobbes, explains why a powerful sovereign is necessary.
What is Leviathan
This philosopher believed people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This institution had enormous influence over education and politics during the Middle Ages.
What is the Roman Catholic church ?
Trial by ordeal was based on the belief that this would reveal innocence.
Who is God?
Superstition influenced Medieval justice because people believed this force controlled outcomes.
What is divine intervention (or gods will)
According to Hobbes, life without strong government would be this
What is Nasty, Brutish, and short?
Locke believed that if a government fails to protect natural rights, citizens have this right.
What is the right to revolt?
This event in 1347–1351 killed millions across Europe and drastically changed the social structure.
What is the black death
This Medieval practice involved making pilgrimages to holy sites such as Santiago de Compostela or Canterbury.
What is a pilgrimage?
This Medieval belief linked unusual events or disasters to witchcraft or the supernatural.
What is superstition?
According to Hobbes, individuals give up certain freedoms in exchange for this.
What is security (or protection/order)?
Montesquieu believed in splitting government into 3 branches. What are the 3 branches and why did he believe in this?
Legislative – makes the laws
Executive – enforces the laws
Judicial – interprets the laws
He wanted to prevent tyranny and protect individual freedom.