Circulation Test Review Jeopardy Template

Parts of the heart

Blood vessels

Heart rate.

Whats in your blood

Bonus

100

how many chambers does a human heart have?

can you name them?

four.

Left and right atrium

left and right ventricle

100

what blood vessel is described as being one cell layer thick. What is its function? why is its structure important for its function?

Capillaries.

One cell layer thick allows for efficient gas exchange.

100

Describe blood Acidity.

When CO2 builds up in the body, it will combine with water to create carbonic acid. The body then becomes slightly acidic and your RBC (heme) will weaken its bonds to release O2 to the tissues.

100

What component of the blood is responsible for helping your blood clot?

Platelets.

100

What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

Carries nutrients and waste products to and from cells.
- Ex CO2 and O2
Carries chemical messengers (hormones) to their target organs

Ex Insulin carried from the pancreas to the liver

3. Distributes heat and maintains proper fluid balances

Ex. Extremities (toes, fingers and nose) are cold in comparison to core organs

4. Heart is a part of the circulatory system that acts as the

pump, pump oxygenated blood to the systemic system.

5. Carries immune cells which fight against foreign invaders.

200

If blood is coming from the heads or arms it will enter the heart through what blood vessel?

If blood is coming from the legs or abdomen area it will enter the blood through what blood vessel?

--> superior vena cava

--> inferior vena cava

200

Name 3 characteristics of veins.

Veins (Visiting the heart)

Veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart.
They have a large diameter but no elastic walls.
Their job is to carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
The veins contain one-way valves that ensure there is no back flow to the body.
Skeletal muscles allow the blood to flow properly back to the heart. Skeletal muscular contractions allow the valves to work properly.

200

Name the two nodes in your heart that help control your heartbeat. Please describe their location and purpose.

Senatorial node and the atrioventricular node.
The heartbeat is triggered by an electrical impulse that originates at a bundle of cells called the Senatorial node (SA node) or the pacemaker (found in the right atrium wall)
The SA node causes the muscles of the atrium to contract and relax in a rhythm
After the atria contract the impulse reaches another node called atrioventricular node (AV node) that transmits the impulse to the ventricles and causes the ventricles to contracts. located towards the bottom of the right atrium

200

Name the components of the blood and their approximate percentages.

Plasma (liquid portion of the blood) (55%)

the rest (45%)

RBC(99%)

WBC AND PLATELETS (1%)

200

Describe the circulatory system of a single-celled organism and a simple multi-cellular organism give examples for each.

Single celled organism

There is no need for a circulatory system because gases and nutrients diffuse directly into the organism.
Waste diffuses directly out of the organism

Ex. Diatoms, amoeba

Multi-cellular Simple organisms

Bring water into their system by using flagella
The water brings in the nutrients and the gases needed.
Waste products are expelled through a hole called an OSCULUM

Ex. Sponge.

300

Which direction is blood flowing when it is in a vein?

which direction is blood flowing when it is in an artery?

Name all the veins and arteries directly attached to the heart, where are they

Viens --> bring blood to the heart

artery--> bring blood away from the heart.

Superior and inferior vena cava. bring blood from the body to the heart.

pulmonary artery brings DEOXYGENATED blood from the heart to the lungs to get oxygenated.

the pulmonary vein from OXYGENATED blood to the heart.

Aorta brings blood from the heart to the body.

300

Name 3 characteristics of arteries.

1. Arteries (Away from the heart)

They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
They have thick elastic walls.
They are made up of layers of muscles and connective tissue.
When the heart contracts blood surges from the heart
Pulse occurs when there are changes within the diameter of the artery following a contraction.

300

How does fitness affect the heart? *hint the heart is a muscle*

Cardio activity enlarges the chambers of the heart especially the ventricles. This allows the heart to have a greater distensibility or stretchiness.

Increased distensibility allows for stronger contractions and more stroke volume (more oxygenated blood going to the systemic system)

More exercise requires more energy thus requiring more cellular respiration, thus requiring more Oxygen. Blood carries oxygen to the cells, so the more blood being pumped out in one pump means more efficient delivery while maximizing on energy. ( the heart has to work less to pump more blood to delivery oxygen )

300

Describe the characteristics of a red blood cell.

Biconcave --> allows them to be flexible and move through blood vessels easily

no nucleus.

Has hemoglobin --> heme groups made up of 4 Iron molecules which is what bonds the oxygen.

300

Describe what an open circulatory system is.

describe a closed circulatory system.

Give an example of an organism for each.

Open circulatory system

- there is one blood vessel called an AORTA

- there are body cavities divided into chambers called SINUSES.

- the blood comes in direct contact with the internal cell of the

sinuses

- gas exchange occurs here in the sinuses

-muscles help move the blood around the organism and to the heart!

IN AN OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CELLS ARE IN

DIRECT CONTACT WITH BLOOD

Ex. grasshopper.

Closed Circulatory System

- blood is pumped around the body by a series of vessels

- smaller vessels distribute the blood to the body

- tiny capillaries provide surface area for exchange of material

with cells (O2 for CO2, nutrients for waste)

BLOOD DOES NOT COME IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH CELLS

ex humans, worm

400

How many valves does the heart have?

what is the purpose of the valves in the heart?

name them.

and describe where the blood pools and where it goes after the valve opens.

4 valves. They stop prevent the blood from flowing in the wrong direction.

tricuspid valve--> pools in the right atrium valve opens on contraction goes to the right ventricle.

pulmonary valve ---> pools from the right ventricle and goes to the lungs.

mitral valve--> pools in the left atrium and goes to the left ventricle.

aortic valve--> pools from the left ventricle and goes to the aorta.

400

What are Vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Which blood vessels are able to do this and why is it important?

Arterioles

Blood from the arteries passes into smaller arteries called arterioles
They are composed of elastic fibres and smooth muscle.
The autonomic nervous system controls the nerves that regulate the nerves that regulate the diameter of the arterioles.
When the arterioles contract the diameter is made smaller and this is called vasoconstriction
When the arterioles relax the diameter of the arteriole is made larger this is called vasodilation.
  Vasodilation increases the diameter of the arteriole.
  This allows more O2 delivery.
 Vasoconstriction decreases O2 delivery

THE GREATER THE NUMBER OF ARTERIOLES THAT ARE DILATED, THE LOWER THE BLOOD PRESSURE. THE GREATER THE NUMBER OF ARTERIOLES THAT ARE CONSTRICTED, THE HIGHER THE BLOOD PRESSURE.

400

Adrenaline causes a rapid impulse of the SA node to occur=faster heart rate.

1. Heart rate

2. Stroke volume

Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats in a given

expressed in amount of time( beats per minute) (bpm)

Stroke volume

is the amount of blood forced out of the heart at each beat (heart emptying) measured in litres.

 CARDIAC OUTPUT = Stroke volume x heart rate

400

Its spring, everything is growing back after the 9 months of winter, you notice sally has watery eyes and a stuffy nose.

what is happening to sally? what is causing her to react this way? If we checked her blood what would we see and why? explain.

Sally is likely allergic to something causing her body to react negatively to a nonharmful substance.

Her blood probably has a lot of basophils.

Basophils appear in many specific kinds of inflammatory reactions, particularly those that cause allergic symptoms. Basophils contain anticoagulant heparin, which prevents blood from clotting too quickly. They also contain the vasodilator histamine, which promotes blood flow to tissues.

400

What is the purpose of leukocytes?

Name the different kind and their functions.

a colorless cell that circulates in the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease.

1. Macrophages phagocytic cell that engulfs foreign invaders Part of the innate immune systems

2. Lymphocytes These are apart of a cell that recognizes and launches an attack against an invader.

3.Neutrophils - defends against bacteria and fungal infections

4. Eosinophils - defend against parasites

5. Basophils - have a role in allergic reactions

500

Describe in detail,

The Journey of a red blood cell through the heart from the hand.

Blood flows from the Superior Vena Cava to the Right Atrium (This is deoxygenated blood from the body)
(Contraction) Blood pools in the Right Atrium and pushes up against the Tricuspid or the right AV valve, the valve opens and the blood pools in the right ventricle
(Contraction) The pooling blood in the right ventricle pushes on the SEMI-LUNAR valve. The valve opens to the Left and Right Pulmonary arteries
The left and right pulmonary arteries carry DEOXYGENATED blood to the lungs. The CO2 is exchanged for O2 at the alveoli. Now the blood is oxygenated.
The oxygenated blood is picked up by the pulmonary veins and lead back to the LEFT atrium.
6. ( Contraction) Blood pools in the LEFT ATRIUM and pushes up against the MITRAL valve or LEFT AV valve. The blood rushes through the valve into the LEFT ventricle.

7. (Contraction) The blood fills the LEFT VENTRICLE and pushes against the SEMI -LUNAR Valve. This valve leads to the AORTA.

8. The oxygenated blood is now in the aorta which leads to systemic arteries and to the systemic system (the body)

500

Uncle John can't pass up a beer and pizza. He works in an office job and does little exercise. You and he are watching the basketball game and the Raptors are down by 10 with one minute left in the fourth quarter. He starts feeling a tightness in his chest and can't breathe.

What is happening to Uncle John? How do you know? what factors are involved? what disease likely lead to this? Describe the disease.

Uncle john is having a heart attack.

He doesn't exercise and eats greasy food and his favorite team losing in the playoffs is stressing him out. He likely has Atherosclerosis the narrowing of the arteries

This is caused by a fat deposits that are layered with other minerals and form a plaque.
It can lead to high blood pressure, blood clots and decreases O2 delivery.

500

How YOU as a HUMAN control your heart beat?

1) increase CO2 in the blood

2) chemoreceptors in the artery detect the elevated CO2

3) The medulla picks up the message from the
chemoreceptors and causes a release of ADRENALINE from the nervous system.

4) Adrenaline causes a rapid impulse of the SA node to occur=faster heart rate.

500

What is Anemia?

name 3 symptoms.

How can you fix it ?

Low iron in your blood. leading to decreased O2 delivery .

sluggish , tired, dizzy etc. increase iron in your diet.

500

What is sickle cell?

Why is it a problem?

is it curable ?

how do you get it ?

when the RBC are shaped like crescents there aren't enough healthy red bloodcells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body.

they are no longer biconcave, they clot easily causing health problems.

It is not curable, you can regulate it.

it is caused by a genetic mutation that is passed from parent to child.