Circulatory System Function
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
Transport blood around the body
What organ pumps blood around the body?
The heart
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To exchange gases.
What is the name of the tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs?
Trachea
What is haemoglobin?
Protein in RBC that binds to oxygen
Name two substances carried by the blood.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide (nutrients, hormones, wastes also)
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Which gas is taken into the body during breathing?
Oxygen.
What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called?
Alveoli
Define inflammation
Swelling and redness in the body, often as a reaction to injury or irritation
Why is oxygen transported to body cells?
Cells need oxygen for cellular respiration to release energy.
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which waste gas is removed from the body during exhalation?
What muscle beneath the lungs helps with breathing?
Diaphragm
Define diffusion
Movement of substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is the function of capillaries?
Transport red blood cells around the body
Why do capillaries have walls that are only one cell thick?
To allow efficient exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and cells.
Why do body cells need oxygen?
To carry out cellular respiration and release energy from food.
Describe one feature of alveoli that makes gas exchange efficient.
They have a large surface area, thin walls, and a rich blood supply.
Define cellular respiration
Cells use oxygen and glucose to produce energy.
Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together.
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide. The circulatory system transports oxygen from the lungs to body cells and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation.
Identify which side of the heart is thicker and why it is thicker
The left side (left ventricle) of the heart is thicker because it pumps blood to the entire body whereas the right side only pumps to the lungs
Explain what happens to oxygen and carbon dioxide during gas exchange in the
Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled.
Trace the pathway of air from the nose to the alveoli.
Nose/mouth → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
Define gas exchange
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.