HEART
BLOOD
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
BREATHING
100
How many chambers are within the heart? Name them and show their location.
4 Chambers Left Atrium (top left), Left Ventricle (bottom left) Right Atrium (top right), Right Ventricle (bottom right)
100
Name 1 component of blood and explain its role.
Refer to teacher for answer
100
Why is the trachea surrounded by cartilage?
To keep it rigid and open - to allow air to flow through it.
100
Name the gases that we breath in and out.
Breath in oxygen Breath out carbon dioxide - waste product
200
When dissecting the heart, how can we determine the front from the back, and the left from the right side?
The diagonal line runs across the front of the heart (known as the coronary sinus) Looking at the heart: Left is on the right side, right is on the left side. The left wall is thicker than the right side.
200
When oxygenated blood leaves the heart, which blood vessel does it transport through and where does the oxygenated blood travel to?
Aorta ---> Tissue, Organs and Muscles (T.O.M.'s)
200
What is the epiglottis? What is its role?
A flap of tissue that covers the trachea or the oesophagus. It stops the air from entering the oesophagus and stops food and water from entering the trachea.
200
What is the preferable entry for breathing and why?
The nasal cavity (nose) It is lined with cilia which filters the air as we breath it in. The air is also warmed though the nasal cavity.
300
Explain why valves are found between chambers in the heart and in veins throughout our body, but not arteries.
Prevents/Stops back flow of blood Heart: As the Ventricle contracts and pushes blood out through the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery, the ventricles stop the blood from re-entering the Atriums. Veins: Blood is working against gravity to return to the heart.
300
Explain the difference between Arteries and Veins. Name at least 2 differences.
Arteries: - Carries blood away from the heart - Carries Oxygenated blood - Wider than veins - Larger muscle layer - Thicker walled vessels than veins Veins: - Carries blood towards the heart - Carries deoxygenated blood - smaller muscle layer and more connective tissue than arteries. - Contains valves
300
What are the two locations of within the respiratory system and what is it's role within these locations?
1. Nasal Cavity: to filter the air of dust and bacteria 2. Trachea: Carry dust, bacteria and mucus out of the lungs via 'wave' like movements.
300
Using the 'balloon model', explain how we breath in and out.
BREATHING IN: The ribs pull the diaphragm out and down as the intercostal muscles contract The diaphragm is pulled downwards causing a bigger chest cavity Air is sucked into the bigger space (lungs) BREATHING OUT: Ribs pull the diaphragm up as the intercostal muscles relax. Diaphragm lifts up, causing the chest cavity to get smaller Air is pushed out through the trachea
400
Why is the left ventricle thicker and more muscular than the right ventricle? Give a detailed response using the terms: - Oxygenated or deoxygenated blood - Energy - T.O.M's
The LEFT ventricle needs to pump oxygenated blood to all of the Tissues, Organs and Muscles within the body to provide them with energy, whereas the Right side of the heart only has to pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs which is located right next to the heart and has less distance to travel. Therefore the LEFT VENTRICLE is Thicker, as it requires more muscular power.
400
Name 2 components of Blood and explain their roles.
Refer to teacher for answers
400
Smokers take tar from cigarettes into their lungs. The tar clogs up and blocks the alveoli. Explain how this would affect their lungs during normal breathing, and why smokers are short of breath when they exercise.
The Tar hinders the efficient process of gas exchange between carbon dioxide and oxygen as the alveoli are blocked by the tar.
400
Explain why carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs to be exhaled HINT: concentration of carbon dioxide
Diffusion occurs when molecules move from an area of high concentration (of that molecule) to an area of low concentration. The blood in the surrounding capillaries has a higher concentration of CO2 than the inspired air due to it being a waste product of energy production. Therefore CO2 diffuses the other way, from the capillaries, into the alveoli where it can then be exhaled.
500
Using the Heart on the board: - Label the heart - Show the circulation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, explaining the pathway that the blood takes to the class.
Oxygenated blood: Lungs --> pulmonary veins --> Left atrium --> Left Valve --> Left Ventricle --> Aorta --> T.O.M's Deoxygenated blood: T.O.M.'s --> Vena Cava --> Right Atrium --> Right Valve --> Right Ventricle --> Pulmonary artery --> Lungs
500
Explain why training at high altitudes would benefit athletes? REMEMBER - Training at high altitudes increases the number of red blood cells in the blood.
Red Blood Cells transport oxygen to our T.O.M's. Therefore an increased number of Red Blood Cells means that the T.O.M's can be replenished with oxygen at a faster rate - therefore providing more energy to do work (exercise).
500
Label the diagram of the respiratory system on the board. OR State the ordered pathway of oxygen through the respiratory system
Mouth/Nasal Cavity --> Pharynx --> Epiglottis --> Larynx --> Trachea --> Bronchi (bronchus) --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli
500
On the whiteboard, draw and label a diagram showing the process of gas exchange occurring at one alveoli.
Teacher will correct
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