Circulatory Structure
How many chambers does the heart have?
4
What is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is relaxing?
Diastole
What are the 3 main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins, capillaries
What is a healthy blood pressure for a young adult?
120/80
What is the name of the circulation system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back?
Pulmonary circulation
Which side of the heart is filled with deoxygenated blood?
Right side
Explain the role of the SA node in the cardiac cycle.
It is the pacemaker, tells the heart how fast to beat
What is the role of capillaries in the circulatory system?
What is the other name of the condition "high blood pressure?"
Hypertension
Blood then passes through a valve into the left ventricle, and then goes to the _________.
Body
After an electrical impulse is passed from the SA node to the AV node, where does it travel?
To the bundle of His, then to Purkinje fibers
Compare and contrast the structure of arteries and veins
Arteries are thicker, veins are thinner. Arteries have high pressure, veins have low pressure. Arteries do not have valves, veins have valves. Arteries usually carry oxygenated blood, veins usually carry deoxygenated blood.
What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
While in the lungs, blood picks up __________ and gets rid of ___________
Oxygen, carbon dioxide
What are four functions of the circulatory system?
Transport: carbon dioxide, wastes, nutrients, oxygen, immunity, heat, etc.
What are two things that can increase heart rate?
Exercise, heat, coughing
Which arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself?
Coronary arteries
The condition where cholesterol deposits form plaques within arteries, reducing their diameter and increasing blood pressure.
Atherosclerosis
What occurs when there is a blockage that results in a complete lack of blood to part of the heart?
Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
Name the four valves in the heart.
2 atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral) and 2 semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)
In an ECG, what are the names of the waves that represent atrial and ventricular contraction?
P wave and QRS wave
Which blood vessel has the highest pressure in the whole body?
Aorta
Define vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and describe their effects on blood pressure.
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, increases BP. Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels, decreases BP
What blood vessels are closest to the skin, and therefore cause bruising when they break?
Capillaries