Arteries and Veins
Adaptations for blood flow
Blood Pressure and regulation
Coronary Circulation and
Occlusions
Capillary Exchange
100
  • What is the primary function of arteries?

distribute high pressure blood to your body

100
  • What is the main function of veins in relation to blood flow and the heart?

keep your blood moving

100
  • What two values are typically measured to determine blood pressure?

systolic pressure and diastolic pressure

100
  • What is the primary function of the coronary arteries?

supply blood to the heart

100
  • What is the main function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

facilitate the exchange of materials between the blood and the body's tissues

200
  • Name one key structural difference observable in a micrograph that helps distinguish an artery from a vein.
  • the presence of valves in veins
200
  • What specific structures within veins help to prevent the backflow of blood?

Valves

200
  • What is the term for the contraction phase of the heart cycle 

systole

200
  • State one cause of a coronary occlusion.

buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the walls of the heart arteries

200
  • Name one structural adaptation of capillaries that facilitates the exchange of materials.

thin walls

300
  • What are the three layers that typically compose the wall of an artery?

the tunica intima, the tunica media, and the tunica externa

300
  • How do the walls of veins compare in thickness to the walls of arteries?

thinner walls than arteries

300
  • What part of the heart initiates the sequence of events in the cardiac cycle, influencing heart rate and subsequently blood pressure?

The sinoatrial (SA) node

300
  • Name one factor correlated with an increased risk of coronary artery occlusion and heart attack.

Smoking

300
  • List the main components of blood plasma.

water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts.

400
  • How does the relative thickness of the wall and the size of the lumen in arteries contribute to their function?

maintaining high blood pressure and ensuring efficient blood flow.

400
  • What type of muscle action assists in moving blood through veins, particularly against gravity?

skeletal muscle pump

400
  • Explain the physiological cause of systolic blood pressure.
  • electrical impulse causes the right and left atrial muscles to contract.
400
  • How might dietary variables influence the risk of coronary heart disease?

A diet high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium can increase cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risk of plaque buildup in arteries

400
  • What are the mechanisms of material exchange

Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Active transport, and osmosis

500
  • Explain how the structural adaptations of arteries allow them to withstand and maintain high blood pressure.

thick walls with a high proportion of elastic tissue and smooth muscle, and a narrow lumen relative to wall thickness

500
  • Discuss the functional significance of pocket valves in veins, especially in the context of low blood pressure and counteracting gravitational forces.

ensuring one-way blood flow back to the heart.

500
  • Describe the process of
    vasoconstriction and vasodilation

regulate blood vessel diameter, influencing blood flow and ultimately impacting temperature and blood pressure

500
  • Briefly outline the cause and consequence of a coronary occlusion.

Thrombrosis, Atherosclerosis, Embolism

500
  • Explain the cause and effect of bulk transport of fluid into and out of a capillary network from tissue fluid.

driven by the balance between hydrostatic and osmotic pressures

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