Blood Basics
What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system? How do they function?
Transport- blood carries substances throughout the body
Protection- blood helps defend the body and prevent blood loss
Regulation- circulation helps maintain stable conditions in the body
What determines a person's ABO and Rh Blood types?
the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells
What is anemia?
reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen
What is aplastic anemia?
complete cessation of erythropoiesis
What are the structure and functions of erythrocytes?
Biconcave, no nucleus, 44% blood volume
Carries oxygen
What are the 3 components of the circulatory system and the function of each?
Heart- pumps blood
Blood vessels- transport blood
Blood- carries substances throughout the body
How does a person's blood type relate to transfusion compatibility?
donor must be compatible w/ recipients, if not can cause antigens, and aggregation or clumping will occur
What is hypoplastic anemia?
decline in erythropoiesis
What is sickle cell anemia?
Inherited recessive disorder- abnormal hemoglobin in RBC in which they develop into a sickle shape.
What are the 3 main plasma proteins, and what is the function of each?
Albumin: maintains osmotic pressure
Globulins: immune function and transport
Fibrinogen: blood clotting
Liquid component: plasma
Formed elements: RBC, WBC, Platelets
What is the least common blood type?
Type AB
What is hemorrhagic anemia?
Caused from bleeding due to trauma or bleeding disorders
What is polycythemia?
RBC excess due to cancer of erythropoietic line in bone marrow
What is the structure and function of Hemoglobin?
Binds & transports oxygen from lungs to tissue
4 globin protein chains, 4 heme groups, and contains iron
What are the physical properties of blood?
Thicker than water
7-8% body weight
Around 38°C
What are the effects of blood type incompatibility between mother and fetus?
Rh− mom + Rh+ baby → mom may make anti-Rh antibodies → antibodies can attack baby's RBCs.
What is hemolytic anemia?
RBC destruction due to drug reactions, poisoning, infections, hereditary defects, blood type incompatibilities
What is hypoproteinemia?
Deficiency of plasma proteins
What are the types, causes, and effects of RBC excesses and deficiencies?
Anemia and polycythemia
What is the significance of blood viscosity and osmolarity?
Viscosity: resistance to flow
Osmolarity: total concentration of solute particles
What is the composition of blood plasma? What does blood plasma contain?
90% water
Proteins, Electrolytes, Nutrients, Gases, Hormones, Waste Products
What is pernicious anemia?
An autoimmune attack of stomach tissue leads to inadequate vitamin B12 absorption
What is Kwashiorkor?
Protein Deficiency
What is colloid osmotic pressure?
The contribution of protein to the total blood osmotic pressure