Heart Structure and Function
Blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary vein before entering this chamber.
What is the left atrium?
These vessels must overcome low pressure and gravity to move blood.
What are veins?
The liquid portion of blood (55%).
What is plasma?
The molecules found on red blood cells that determine a person’s blood type.
What are antigens?
The body’s first and second line of defense that includes skin and chemical barriers as well as phagocytes.
What is innate or nonspecific immunity?
This node controls the rhythm of the heartbeat. Natural pacemaker.
What is the SA node?
When body temperature rises, blood vessels near the skin do this.
What is vasodilation?
A person has low iron levels. Which blood component will be MOST affected first?
What are red blood cells (erythrocytes)?
The proteins in the blood that recognize and bind to foreign antigens.
What are antibodies?
The process in which white blood cells (monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils) engulf and destroy pathogens.
What is phagocytosis?
When ventricles contract, which valves must be closed to prevent backflow into atria?
What are AV valves?
If a vein valve fails, what happens to blood flow?
What is blood pools and may lead to varicose veins?
A patient cannot stop bleeding after a small cut due to missing clotting proteins. Which condition might they have?
What is hemophilia?
The reaction that occurs when incompatible blood types are mixed, causing red blood cells to clump together.
What is clotting/agglutination?
The immune cells responsible for producing antibodies.
What are B cells?
“Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.”
This is what is wrong with the above statement.
What is the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood? Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
The fluid collected from tissues and transported in lymph vessels is called this.
What is lymph?
Which blood components would be responsible for forming a clot after injury?
What are platelets and fibrinogen(fibrin)?
The universal acceptor.
What is AB+?
The type of immune cells that directly destroy infected or abnormal body cells.
What are killer T cells/Cytotoxic T cells?
This is the order of blood flow through the heart and lungs. Start at vena cava, end at aorta.
What is vena cava -> right atrium -> right AV valve -> right ventricle -> semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery ->pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left AV valve -> left ventricle -> semilunar valve -> aorta
This measurement represents the pressure in arteries when the ventricles contract.
What is systolic blood pressure?
Red blood cells are not true cells because they lack this structure.
What is a nucleus?
The characteristic of type O− blood that allows it to be safely transfused into most patients.
What is the absence of A, B, and Rh antigens?
The reason a second infection with the same pathogen often produces little or no symptoms.
What is the rapid response of memory B and T cells?