Types of Powers
Powers given to the state government alone
reserved powers
No illegal searches and seizures - need proper warrants
4th
Two house legislature is know as a __________ legislature
Bicameral
to hear case on appeal (or a 2nd time)
• only the defendant can appeal in a criminal case
• the prosecution retrying a case is known as double jeopardy and is prohibited by the constitution
appeallate jurisdiction
A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy is known as a _________ _________.
political party
Powers held by both the national and state governments.
concurrent
Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments
8th
A permanent committee established in a legislature, usually focusing on a policy area
Example: Budget Committee in the House
standing committee
- the authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case
original jurisdiction
Led by Alexander Hamilton, believed in a strong central government, loose interpretation, and encouraged commerce and manufacturing. They were staunch supporters of the Constitution during ratification and were a political force during the early years of the United States.
Federalists
powers directly stated in the constitution
expressed powers
Defines citizenship, due process, equal protection under the law
14th
a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court
bill of attainder
Type of Law: In the case of privacy law, the question of what is reasonable search and seizure is determined by the individual court, based on precedent
common law
A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place
Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution
implied powers
Right to speedy trial by jury
6th
Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.
gerrymandering
type of law: The Elizabeth Smart abduction case: The abductors are considered a danger to society
criminal law
An organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy. (people who share a point of view about an issue and unite to promote their beliefs)
interest groups
The powers of the national government in foreign affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government.
inherent
Criminal proceedings, due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, grand jury, eminent domain
5th
group of officials who head government departments and advise the President
cabinet
A serious crime, more than 1 year jail time
felony
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
referendum