Surprise!
What are the 3 main requirements to become president?
a. At least 35 years old
b. Natural-born U.S. citizen
c. Resident for at least 14 years
How many constitutional roles does the president have?
Six Constitutional Roles:
a. Chief Legislator – signs/vetoes bills
b. Chief Executive – enforces laws
c. Commander in Chief – leads the military
d. Chief Diplomat – handles foreign policy
e. Chief Jurist – grants pardons/appoints judges
f. Chief of State – represents the nation ceremonially
What was Miranda vs. Arizona (1966)? Which Amendment is it in?
Miranda v. Arizona (1966): Rights must be read when arrested (5th Amendment)
Which Amendment is Freedom of Speech in?
1st Amendment
What is the difference between Civil Liberties and Civil Rights?
Civil Liberties: basic freedoms (speech, religion, etc.)
Civil Rights: protection from discrimination
Describe the Electoral College. How many votes?
Electoral College: system for electing president; 538 total votes (270 to win)
What are the president's unconstitutional roles? Define them.
Unconstitutional Roles (Tradition-based):
a. Chief of Party – leads political party
b. Chief Citizen – represents the people’s interests
What was Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)? Which Amendment is it in?
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): Right to an attorney (6th Amendment)
What does Freedom of Speech do?
Protects expression of ideas and opinions
Which part of the U.S. Constitution plays the most important role in our Civil Liberties?
Bill of Rights plays the most important role
Define each term.
Federal Government:
State Government:
Local Government:
Federalism:
a. Federal Government: national government (Washington, D.C.)
b. State Government: governs individual states
c. Local Government: city/county level
d. Federalism: sharing power between federal and state governments
How is the presidential cabinet broken up?
Divided into departments (e.g., Defense, Education, Treasury)
What was Roe v. Wade (1973)?
Roe v. Wade (1973): Legalized abortion under right to privacy (14th Amendment)
Define the protected types of speech. Give examples:
Pure Speech:
Speech Plus:
Symbolic Speech:
spoken words (e.g., debates)
Speech Plus: speech + action (e.g., protests)
Symbolic Speech: symbols/actions (e.g., flag burning)
What happens when 2 of these liberties come in conflict with each other?
When liberties conflict, courts balance them (Supreme Court rulings)
What are the 6 basic principles of the Constitution? What is an example of each principle?
Popular Sovereignty – people have the power (elections)
Limited Government – government must follow the law
Separation of Powers – 3 branches divide power
Checks and Balances – prevents one branch from becoming too powerful
Judicial Review – courts can declare laws unconstitutional
Federalism – division of power between federal and state governments
Why does the president have a cabinet?
Advises the President on specific issues
What is the Part Due Clause? Which Amendment is it in?
Due Process Clause: Government must follow fair legal procedures (5th & 14th Amendments)
List and define the guidelines for freedom of speech:
Must not endanger others
Must not incite violence
Must not be obscene
Must not spread lies (libel/slander)
Government can set reasonable time, place, and manner limits
Which Amendment is Freedom of Religion in?
What does Freedom of Religion do?
1st Amendment
Guarantees freedom to practice any religion or none
Define each role:
Chief Legislator:
Chief Executive:
Commander in Chief:
Chief Diplomat:
Chief Jurist:
Chief of State:
a. Chief Legislator – signs/vetoes bills
b. Chief Executive – enforces laws
c. Commander in Chief – leads the military
d. Chief Diplomat – handles foreign policy
e. Chief Jurist – grants pardons/appoints judges
f. Chief of State – represents the nation ceremonially
What are the 2 roles of the vice president?
Vice President roles:
a. Presides over Senate
b. Assumes presidency if president cannot serve
Define the unprotected types of speech:
Seditious Speech:
Obscenity:
Fight Words:
Libel:
Slander:
Seditious Speech: advocating overthrow of government
Obscenity: offensive material without social value
Fighting Words: provoke violence
Libel: written falsehood
Slander: spoken falsehood
What is the Establishment Clause?
What is the free exercise clause?
a. Establishment Clause: government cannot establish a religion
b. Free Exercise Clause: individuals can practice their faith freely