Structure and Ratification of Constitution
What do the first 3 articles (in order) of the Constitution outline?
legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch
Which amendments are know as the Bill of Rights?
The first 10 amendments
What is a political appointee?
A person appointed to a federal position by the president
What is a trade sanction?
An effort to punish another nation by imposing trade barriers.
What is concurrent jurisdiction?
Authority for both state and federal governments
What are the components of the Constitution? (Include the number of articles and amendments)
Preamble, 7 articles, 27 amendments
What are 5 freedoms of the first amendment?
Free speech, assembly, petition, religion, press
What is the function of the cabinet?
Advise the president on issues related to their departments and to lead their departments in carrying out the president’s policies
What is an embargo?
An agreement among a group of nations that prohibits them all from trading with a target nation.
What is the writ of certiorari?
Order a higher court issues a lower court to obtain records of lower court in a particular case
How are states involved in ratifying an amendment?
Amendment must be approved by ¾ of the states
What is the significance of the 19th Amendment and in what year was it ratified?
Guaranteed women the right to vote in 1920.
What is the 25th amendment?
If president dies or leaves office the VP becomes president and chooses a new VP with the help of Congress
What is an executive agreement and how is it different than a treaty?
Agreement between president and leader of another country and treaty are formal agreements between gov of two or more countries
What is stare decisis?
Practice of using earlier judicial ruling as a basis for deciding cases
What is the difference between reserved and concurrent powers afforded by the Constitution?
Reserved- powers reserved for states: Ex: drives and marriage license, conduct elections, public schools, police and ER services, estab local gov
Concurrent powers: powers that both levels of gov can carry out. Eg: collect taxes, build roads, protect public health and safety, borrow money, establish courts, make and enforce laws
Which 3 amendments are often known as the Civil War amendments?
13,14,15
What are the 7 roles of the president?
Chief Executive, Chief Diplomat, Head of State, Commander in Chief, Legislative Leader, Economic Leader, Party Leader
What are the 5 tools of foreign policy?
- Appointing ambassadors
- Foreign aid
- Military force
- International trade
What is the role of the appellate courts?
Review the fairness of a case appealed from a lower court
What is the difference between expressed and implied powers? Give examples of both.
Expressed- powers directly listed to constitution. Example: collect taxes, borrow money, provide for common defense and welfare, regulate commerce, coin money, establish post office, armed forces, create legislation
Implied powers – Congress powers not directly listed in Constitution. Example: establish min wage, draft, regulate banking, levy income taxes, prohibit mail fraud, spend $ for education, welfare and healthcare, ban workplace discrimination
What is the 10th amendment and how is it at odds with the elastic clause?
10th- powers not delegated in the Constitution are reserved to the states.
Elastic - gives Congress the right to make all laws “necessary and proper”
What is the order (top 5) of presidential succession?
VP, speaker, pro tempore, state, treasury
What are the 4 main goals of foreign policy?
1. national security
2. build trade with other nations
3. promote world peace
4. advance democracy around the world
What is the greatest significance of Marbury v Madison?
Judicial Review: Supreme Court claimed the power to decide whether a law was constitutional or not; constitution is supreme law of the land and overrides other laws