Judicial Knowledge
This court case desegregated public schools.
What is Brown v. Board of Education
Writ of Habeus Corpus
These ensure one’s entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state without discrimination or repression.
Rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals that protect against Government oppression.
Civil Liberties
This test is used by courts to determine whether a government‘s treatment of a religious institution constitutes a violation of the first amendment‘s establishment cause.
Lemon Test
Plessey v. Ferguson
Supreme Court takes National Decisions and applies them to a state level.
Incorporation
Communication of ideas through spoken or written words.
Pure Speech
This prevents use of evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant‘s constitutional rights.
Exclusionary Rules
This supreme court case ruled that detained criminals are to be informed of their rights against self-incrimination and to a lawyer.
Miranda v. Arizona
Clause in first amendment that prohibits the establishment of religion by congress.
Establishment Clause
This prevents individuals from being prosecuted more than once for the same crime.
Double Jeopardy
Every form of communication that is not pure speech.
Speech Plus
An active effort to improve opportunities for groups that have been subjected to discrimination.
Affirmative Action
A principle that allows courts to protect certain fundamental rights from government interference.
Substantive due process
Bills of Attainder
Consists of nonverbal, nonwritten forms of communication that is protected by the first amendment.
Symbolic Speech
Forbids the Government from censorship prior to publication.
Prior Restraint
The right of a government to expropriate private property for public use with payment of compensation.
Eminent Domain
Clause of the sixth amendment that guarantees the right to a fair trial
Procedural due process
Protects citizens rights to practice their religion as they please.
Free Exercise Clause
Equal Protection Clause
Laws that protect individuals from retroactively changing legal consequences or status of actions.
DAILY DOUBLE
Franklin D. Roosevelt