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Stokely Carmichael
first said "black power", Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commission, Freedom Rider, arrested, became separatist and
SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Council, led by MLK Jr., marches in Birmingham, MLK was arrested and wrote letter from jail supporting nonviolence
SNCC
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, encourage students to get involved, Freedom Summer, shifted from nonviolence to Black Power
Little Rock Nine
Central High School, 1957, Arkansas, black students trying to go to white school, people protested, protected by federal troops from Eisenhower, still faced discrimination and violence after integration
Nation of Islam
religious group that wanted black separatism, Malcolm X was leader of, 3 members assassinated Malcolm X after he left
Plessy vs. Ferguson
separate but equal, overturned by Brown v Board of Education
Freedom Summer
1964, voter registration drive to end vote disenfranchisement, organized by SNCC and CORE, 3 volunteers were lynched (including 2 white volunteers) by KKK, potentially led to Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts
Civil disobedience
refusal to comply with laws, mostly nonviolent (Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks, Freedom Riders, Sit-Ins)
Sit-ins
protesters sit in location and refuse to move, woolworth's lunch counter, Greensboro four
De facto segregation
De jure segregation
segregation mandated or allowed by law
Black power
movement for greater black American power and independence, rejected integration, salute at olympics, stokely carmichael, different from nonviolence
Freedom rides
1961, riders on buses to protest segregated bus terminals, bombings, beatings, Robert Kennedy sent marshals to help protect them, some were arrested, segregated terminals later outlawed
Jim Crow
laws to keep black people separate in the south, towns, voting, interracial marriage, restaurants, bathrooms, water fountains
1954
Brown v Board of Education - supreme court ruled that school segregation is illegal and violated 14th amendment
1955
Emmett Till was lynched in Mississippi for flirting with a white woman - Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus - Montgomery Bus Boycott started
1957
Little Rock Nine were trying to integrate at Central High School in Arkansas, people protested, governor prevented them from entering, President Eisenhower sent protection - Civil Rights Act of 1957 to protect voters rights
1961
Freedom Rides happened to protest bus terminal segregation, buses were bombed and people were beaten, led to outlawing of segregated terminals
1963
children's crusade March to protest segregation - MLK arrested and wrote letter from Birmingham jail - March On Washington - I have a dream speech - 16th street church bombings - Evars assassinated
1968
Kerner Commission report says based on current status heading towards separate and unequal - MLK assassinated - Fair Housing Act - Robert Kennedy assassinated - Black Power at olympics
Montgomery Bus Boycott
1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her bus seat to a white man, black riders boycotted bus system, 1956 case determined segregation on buses was illegal however terminals were still segregated
Executive Order 8802
FDR - 1941 - desegregation of defense industries
Bloody Sunday
Selma to Montgomery march to protest over death of Jimmie Lee Jackson, March blocked by police, protesters were tear gassed and beaten by police, people hospitalized
Fair Housing Act of 1968
prevented housing discrimination based on race, religion, gender
Civil Rights Act of 1964
equal employment for all, limited voter literacy tests, integrated public facilities