Civil Rights 1
In response to her arrest, the Montgomery black community launched a bus boycott that lasted over a year until the buses desegregated on Dec. 21, 1956. Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., the newly elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), was instrumental in leading the boycott.
Who is Rosa Parks
He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Who is President LBJ
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed the federal government to enforce desegregation and prohibits discrimination in public facilities, in government and in employment. The ____ laws in the South were abolished, and it became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing or hiring.
What are Jim Crow Laws
In 1968, at age 39, this historical figure was shot as he was standing on the balcony outside his hotel room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn. Escaped convict and committed racist James Earl Ray was convicted of the crime.
Who is Martin Luther King
CORE
What is Congress of Racial Equality
In 1868, it was added to the Constitution to grant due process and equal protection under the law to African Americans.
What is the 14th Amendment
He was the president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) which proved to be a major force in organizing the civil rights movement with a principle base of nonviolence and civil disobedience
Who is Martin Luther King Jr.
In 1870, it was added to the Constitution to grant African Americans the right to vote, including former slaves.
What is the 15th Amendment
Congress passed this Act in 1875 in response to many white business owners and merchants who refused to make their facilities and establishments equally available to black people.
What is the Civil Rights Act
In 1955, two white men, J. W. Milam and Roy Bryant, were arrested for the murder for this 14-year-old boy but were acquitted by an all-white jury. They later boasted about committing the murder in a Look magazine interview. The case became a cause célèbre of the civil rights movement.
Who is Emmett Till
In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court decision in this case upheld an 1890 Louisiana statute mandating racially segregated but equal railroad cars. The ruling stated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution dealt with political and not social equality.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court's unanimously ruled in this landmark case that public school segregation was unconstitutional and paved the way for desegregation.
What is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
On Monday, Sept. 23, policemen surrounded Central High where more than 1,000 people gathered in front of the school. The police escorted these black students to a side door where they quietly entered the building to begin classes. When the mob learned the blacks were inside, they began to challenge the police with shouts and threats. Fearful the police would be unable to control the crowd, the school administration moved the black students out a side door before noon.
Who are the Little Rock 9
Both, the Council of Federated Organizations and the Summer Project, were the result of these movements of 1960 and 1961, and of SNCC's earlier efforts to organize voter registration drives throughout Mississippi.
What are the Sit-in and Freedom Ride Movements
The Council of Federated Organizations launched a massive effort to register black voters during what becomes known as ___.
What is Freedom Summer
In 1964, the Congress of Racial Equality began sending student volunteers on bus trips to test the implementation of new laws prohibiting segregation in interstate travel facilities. One of the first two groups of the _____ as they are called, encountered its first problem two weeks later when a mob in Alabama sets their vehicle on fire. The program continued and by the end of the summer, more than 1,000 volunteers, black and white, participated.
Who are the Freedom Riders
He was born in Omaha, Nebraska, on May 19, 1925. This world-renowned black nationalist leader was assassinated in 1965 at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan on the first day of National Brotherhood Week. He was a Black Muslim Minister, revolutionary black freedom fighter, civil rights activist and for a time the national spokesperson for the Nation of Islam, he famously spoke of the need for black freedom "by any means necessary."
Who is Malcolm Little/ Malcolm X
In 1965, these marches, which included Bloody Sunday, were actually three marches that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement.
What are the Selma to Montgomery Marches
The incident in 1965 was dubbed ____ by the national media, with each of the three networks interrupting telecasts to broadcast footage from the horrific incident. The march was considered the catalyst for pushing through the Voting Rights Act five months later.
What is Bloody Sunday
Disillusioned with Elijah Muhammad's teachings, this historical figure formed his own organization, the Organization of Afro-American Unity and the Muslim Mosque Inc. In 1964, he made a pilgrimage to Islam's holy city, Mecca, and adopted the name El-Hajj Malik El Shabazz.
Who is Malcolm Little/Malcolm X
On this day in 1965, blacks began a march to Montgomery in support of voting rights but were stopped at the Edmund Pettus Bridge by a police blockade in Selma, Ala. State troopers and the Dallas County Sheriff's Department, some mounted-on horseback, awaited them. In the presence of the news media, the lawmen attacked the peaceful demonstrators with billy clubs, tear gas and bull whips, driving them back into Selma.
What is Bloody Sunday
Congress passed this Act in 1965, making it easier for Southern blacks to register to vote. Literacy tests, poll taxes and other such requirements that were used to restrict black voting were made illegal.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965
In this 1967 case, the Supreme Court ruled that prohibiting interracial marriage was unconstitutional. Sixteen states that still banned interracial marriage at the time were forced to revise their laws.
What is Loving v. Virginia
In 1968, President Johnson signed this Act, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of housing.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1968
In 1988, overriding President Ronald Reagan's veto, Congress passed this Act, which expanded the reach of nondiscrimination laws within private institutions receiving federal funds.
What is the Civil Rights Restoration Act