Civil Rights #1
Sit -in
sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change.
Jackie Robinson
broke the baseball color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947
Rosa Parks
best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. On the evening of December 1, 1955
Malcom X (Represented)
Nation of Islam
Segregation
Southern states held onto segregation longer then those in the north
Voting Rights Act
removed barriers to black enfranchisement in the South, banning poll taxes, literacy tests, and other measures that effectively prevented African Americans from voting.
James Farmer
Pushed for nonviolent protest to dismantle segregation
Black Panther Party (Organized?)
Militant group advocating armed confrontation; organized anti poverty programs
MLK Jr Died
April 4, 1968, Lorraine Motel, Memphis, TN
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminate?
What are literacy tests
James Lawson, Ella Baker, Stokely Carmichael (Organized?)
SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee…. Grass root movement of young activists organized voter education projects for students
March On Washington Where? & Date?
Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963.
This boy's murder is noted as one of the leading events that motivated the African-American Civil Rights Movement
Who is Emmett Till?
African Americans and whites together rode various forms of public transportation in the South to challenge local laws or customs that enforced segregation
What are the Freedom Riders?
President that was embarrassed by the actions toward African Americans who was later shot and killed?
JFK
Boynton vs. Virginia
bans all forms of segregation by race in any type of public transportation
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality
Whose philosophy inspired MLK Jr
Johan Galtung
SNCC
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
A landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Brown vs Board of Education (Why it was important)
landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality
Twenty- Fourth Amendment
prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
Thurgood Marshall (What was his cause?)
argued that school segregation was a violation of individual rights under the 14th Amendment. He also asserted that the only justification for continuing to have separate schools was to keep people who were slaves "as near that stage as possible." Marshall later became a Justice of the supreme court
Plessy vs. Ferguson
a landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.
de jure segregation Vs. de facto segregation (Must know BOTH)
de jure segregation, separation that was mandated by law and enforced by the government. de facto segregation — separation that exists even though laws do not require it — persists to the present day.