Civil Liberties
Speech directed at the overthrow of government.
What is seditious speech?
The Supreme Court struck down the use of racial quotas for affirmative action in this court case.
What is Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?
What bias attitudes towards people associated with without conscious knowledge.
What is implicit Bias?
What article in the constitution created the judicial branch?
What is Article III?
The party or person who initiates a lawsuit before a court.
What is the Plaintiff?
This Amendment bans cruel and unusual punishment.
The 4th Amendment?
This Supreme Court case ruled that under the 4th and 14th Constitutional amendments, illegally seized evidence could not be used in a state criminal trial.
What is Mapp v Ohio?
Segregation without laws created by social and economic situations.
What is De Facto Segregation?
A process under which executive or legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.
What is Judicial Review?
This court hears criminal cases (felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions, like traffic tickets) and civil cases (under $25,000).
What is the superior court?
This clause protects citizens' right to practice their religion as they please.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
This Supreme Court case ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination
What is Miranda v Arizona?
This Act guaranteed equal access to all facilities no matter the persons race.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1965?
This court case created Judicial Review.
What is Marbury v Madison?
This court hears death penalty cases.
What is the State Supreme Court?
This test prohibits favoritism toward any one religion but does not prohibit government aid religions
What is the Non preferential Test?
The Supreme Court invented the famous "clear and present danger" test to determine when a state could constitutionally limit an individual's free speech rights under the First Amendment.
What is Schneck v US?
Test thats used to analyze laws that give preference to public employment based on race.
What is strict scrutiny?
This Supreme Court Justice was the Chief Justice during Marbury v Madison.
Who is John Marshall?
This opinion is the courts minority opinion.
What is the dissenting opinion?
What is the standard by which police authorities have reason to obtain a warrant for the arrest of a suspected criminal or the issuing of a search warrant.
What is Probable Cause?
This Supreme Court case guaranteed the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants in federal and state courts.
What is Gideon v Wainwright?
What test analyzes how the government treats people differently because of their age drivers license at 16 , drinking 21, smoking 18, laws allowed b/c they protect health of young person
What is rational basis test?
This American Government Principle was bolstered with the creation of Judicial Review.
What is Check and Balances?
What is the Appeals Court?