Historical Context
Nearly 3.9 million of these individuals were living in the United States by 1860.
Who were enslaved African Americans?
This type of segregation was enforced by law
What is de jure segregation?
This boycott brought Martin Luther King Jr. to national prominence.
What is the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
In this strategy, people refuse to buy goods or use services to push for change.
What is a boycott?
The United States’ oldest civil rights organisation.
What is the NAACP?
What amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
What is the 13th Amendment?
This 1896 Supreme Court case established the “separate but equal” doctrine.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
In 1957, King co-founded this organisation to fight racial discrimination through nonviolence.
What is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
This nonviolent method included sit-ins and marches to confront segregation directly.
What is direct action?
This group was founded in 1957 to coordinate nonviolent protests under King’s leadership.
What is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
Which executive order banned racial discrimination in defence industries?
What is Executive Order 8802?
These two methods were commonly used to prevent African Americans from voting during the Jim Crow era.
What are poll taxes and literacy tests?
King’s philosophy of nonviolent protest was inspired by this Indian leader.
Who is Mahatma Gandhi?
This 1963 event drew more than 250,000 people and featured King’s “I Have a Dream” speech.
What is the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom?
This student-led organisation favoured sit-ins and voter registration drives.
What is the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
An African American sailor who heroically fired an anti-aircraft gun at Pearl Harbor
Who is Dorie Miller?
By the 1950s, only about this percentage of African Americans in the South were registered to vote.
What is 3 percent?
In 1964, this civil rights leader gave his famous speech “The Ballot or the Bullet.”
Who is Malcolm X?
Led by Thurgood Marshall, this legal team challenged segregation in court.
What is the NAACP Legal Defense Fund?
This landmark legislation of 1964 outlawed segregation in public places.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
This wartime movement saw African Americans leaving the rural South for jobs in northern and western cities.
What is the Great Migration?
This journalist was a leading voice against lynching and Jim Crow laws.
Who was Ida Wells?
These were two key ideological differences between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X.
What are integration and nonviolence versus separatism and self-defence?
This campaign during World War II called for victory abroad and at home against racism.
What is the Double V Campaign?
This sit-in at a segregated lunch counter in Jackson, Mississippi, became one of the most violent of the era.
What is the 1963 Woolworth’s Sit-In?