Key Leaders
She refused to give up her seat in 1955, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Who is Rosa Parks?
This year-long nonviolent protest began after Rosa Parks was arrested.
What is the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
This 1896 Supreme Court case created the “separate but equal” doctrine.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
Formed in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, this group promoted Black empowerment and self-defense.
What is the Black Panther Party?
He became the first African American to play Major League Baseball in the modern era.
Who is Jackie Robinson?
He led the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968.
Who is Martin Luther King Jr.?
This 1961 protest involved Black and white activists challenging segregation on interstate buses.
What are the Freedom Rides?
This 1947 case ended segregation for Mexican American students in California.
What is Mendez v. Westminster?
This Native American group occupied Alcatraz Island and fought for treaty enforcement.
What is the American Indian Movement (AIM)?
This 14-year-old boy’s murder in 1955 shocked America and helped fuel the civil rights movement.
Who is Emmett Till?
He was a Black nationalist leader whose ideas helped shape the Black Power movement.
Who is Malcolm X?
On March 7, 1965, peaceful marchers were violently attacked on the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
What is Bloody Sunday?
This 1954 decision declared that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Founded by César Chávez and Dolores Huerta, this group fought for farm workers’ rights.
What is the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA)?
This 1963 racist terrorist attack killed four Black girls in a Birmingham church.
What is the 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing?
He organized the 1963 March on Washington and later received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Who is Bayard Rustin?
In 1963, schoolchildren in Birmingham marched for civil rights and were met with fire hoses and police dogs.
What is the Birmingham Children’s March?
This court case involving Emmett Till’s murder helped expose racial injustice to the nation.
Who is Emmett Till?
This Chicano rights group focused on police brutality and educational reform.
Who are the Brown Berets?
These nine students integrated Central High School in Arkansas in 1957.
Who are the Little Rock Nine?
He was a fearless Alabama pastor and co-founder of the SCLC who survived bombings and beatings.
Who is Fred Shuttlesworth?
This 1965 voting rights protest included three marches from Selma to Alabama’s capital.
What is the Selma to Montgomery March?
This famous MLK letter said that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws.
What is Letter from Birmingham Jail?
This organization fights for women's equality in the workplace, healthcare, and society.
What is NOW (National Organization for Women)?
This 1969 uprising at a New York gay bar sparked the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.
What is Stonewall?