Court Cases and Legislation
This 1896 Supreme Court decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing legal segregation for decades
Plessy v. Ferguson
the unofficial leader of the movement, known for advocating non-violent civil disobedience inspired by Mahatma Gandhi
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Lasting over a year, this boycott began when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Led by Martin Luther King, Jr., this organization promoted civil disobedience and organized pivotal marches during the Civil Rights Movement.
GIVE THE FULL NAME AND ACRONYM
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
In 1947, he made headlines by becoming the first Black player in Major League Baseball
Jackie Robinson
civil disobedience
This landmark 1954 ruling overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine specifically in public schools
Brown v. Board of Education
Before becoming the first African American Supreme Court Justice, he successfully challenged segregation in the courts in cases such as Brown v. Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall
This 1960 event involved four college students at a Woolworth’s lunch counter and inspired similar actions nationwide
Greensboro Sit-ins
These activists rode interstate buses into the segregated South to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court desegregation rulings on interstate busing
the Freedom Riders
Signed by President Truman, Executive Order 9981 achieved this major milestone for civil rights within the federal government
desegregation of the military
This term describes segregation that exists by law, such as the Jim Crow laws seen in the South
de jure segregation
This act banned segregation in public accommodations across the United States
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This leader popularized the slogan "Black Power" and advocated for Black self-determination
Stokely Carmichael
This event was organized as a way to apply pressure on Congress to pass Kennedy's proposed civil rights bill
March on Washington
Founded in 1909, this organization was instrumental in challenging segregation through legal action, including support for the Brown v. Board decision.
NAACP
This 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi mobilized about 1,000 volunteers to help African Americans overcome barriers to voting
Freedom Summer
Refers to the separation of groups, particularly racial groups, that occurs as a result of social, economic, or cultural factors
De facto segregation
Outlawed literacy tests and other barriers that prevented African Americans from voting
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This prominent figure in the Black Nationalist movement advocated for achieving civil rights "by any means necessary"
Malcolm X
President Eisenhower sent federal troops to this city to protect students integrating Central High School
(MUST GIVE CITY AND STATE NAME)
Little Rock, Arkansas
Emerging in the late 1960s, this militant organization became synonymous with the “black power” movement and self-defense in urban communities.
Black Panthers
Abolished the poll tax used to disenfranchise poor African Americans
24th Amendment
Founded by college students, this organization played a key role in grassroots activism and organized sit-ins across the nation.
GIVE THE FULL NAME AND ACRONYM
the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
This case ruled that while racial quotas in admissions were unconstitutional, race could be considered a factor in affirmative action
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
This 14-year-old's brutal murder in Mississippi in 1955 sparked national outrage when his murderers were acquitted despite the evidence against them
Emmett Till
This 54-mile march in 1965 was organized to draw national attention to discriminatory voting practices in Alabama
Selma to Montgomery March
Civil Rights organizations used different strategies to fight for racial equality. Sort them into two categories: Nonviolent Organizations and Militant Organizations.
SCLC, SNCC (before and after 1967), CORE, Black Panthers, NAACP
NONVIOLENT: SCLC, SNCC before 1967, CORE, NAACP
MILITANT: Black Panthers, SNCC after 1967
Following the assassination of MLK, this act was passed to outlaw discrimination in housing
Civil Rights Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act)
Popularized by Stokely Carmichael, this political and social movement emphasized racial pride, self-determination, and economic self-sufficiency
Black Power Movement