People
Which leader promoted nonviolent protest and led the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Martin Luther King Jr.
This 1960 student-led protest challenged segregation by refusing to leave “whites-only” lunch counters.
the Greensboro sit-ins
This amendment ended slavery
the 13th Amendment
This case allowed segregation by establishing “separate but equal.”
Plessy v. Ferguson
These laws enforced racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction.
Jim Crow laws
This activist refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus in 1955.
Rosa Parks
This 1963 event increased public support for civil rights by highlighting peaceful protest on a national stage.
the March on Washington
This law made segregation in public accommodations illegal
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This case declared school segregation unconstitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education
This strategy uses peaceful methods like marches and boycotts to bring change.
nonviolent resistance
This NAACP leader helped argue Brown v. Board of Education. (Future Supreme Court justice)
Thurgood Marshall
These 1961 protests exposed the federal government’s failure to enforce desegregation in interstate travel.
Freedom Rides
This law banned states from preventing African Americans from voting.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This case strengthened the argument that segregation in higher education (college or law school) was unequal.
Sweatt v. Painter
This refers to the legal or social separation of groups based on race.
segregation
This Black nationalist leader promoted self-defense and was part of the Nation of Islam.
Malcolm X
Violent responses to this 1965 march directly increased support for new voting rights protections.
Selma to Montgomery March
This amendment made former slaves US citizens
the 14th Amendment
This case helped expand civil rights by protecting the rights of the accused. (right to remain silent)
Miranda v. Arizona
This term describes actions or policies that treat groups unfairly, often leading to inequality.
discrimination
This president pushed for and signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 after Kennedy’s assassination.
Lyndon B. Johnson
This 1957 event showed the federal government’s willingness to enforce school integration using National Guard troops
Little Rock Nine
This amendment gave all men the right to vote but was often undermined by Jim Crow laws
the 15th Amendment
This case established that students don't lose their First Amendment rights at school, as long as their actions do not disrupt learning.
Tinker v. Des Moines
This term describes the use of refusal to obey unjust laws as a form of protest.
civil disobedience