History
This unanimous decision declared racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional.
What is Brown v Board of Education?
The refusal of yielding a bus seat in late 1955 resulted in this event.
What was the arrest of Rosa Parks?
The hand metaphor was strategically used to send a message that black hands could pull with the nation, or they could pull against white society . . . in short, they could resist.
What is "The Atlanta Compromise"
This educator, who called for patience, accommodation, and self-help, played down political rights and emphasized vocational education as the best way for African Americans to advance.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
This device is used by MLK repeatedly in both texts to emphasize not only injustices but the urgency of time.
What is anaphora?
This group, initially prevented from entering a racially segregated school, had to be escorted through an angry mob at the prompting of President Eisenhower.
Who were the Little Rock Nine?
250,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial to draw attention to continuing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation.
What is the March on Washington in 1963?
The extended metaphor of a defaulted promissory note is central to the idea that African Americans have been denied opportunities promised by the Constitution and Declaration of Independence.
What is "I Have a Dream?"
This influencer directed a constant stream of agitation–often bitter and sarcastic–at white Americans while serving as a source of information and pride to African Americans.
Who was W.E.B. DuBois?
This device serves to add credibility to King's logical argument by referring to men of philosophy and religion.
What is allusion?
The arrest of Marquette Frye sparked this historical event: six days of unrest in L.A., resulting in 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, and nearly 4,000 arrests.
What were the Watts Race Riots?
A girl, denied entrance to an all white elementary school in 1951, gave way to this result.
What is Brown v Board of Education?
This work references separate worlds of "Opportunity" for African Americans in both industry and education, and advocates wresting civil rights by protest or force.
What is "Of our Spiritual Strivings"?
Urged his fellow Black Americans to protect themselves against white aggression "by any means necessary."
Who was Malcolm X?
This sound device serves to emphasize images of injustice presented as a list in MLK's "Letter from Birmingham Jail."
What is alliteration?
This prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and federally funded programs, and strengthened the enforcement of voting rights.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
The white terrorist organization, the Ku Klux Klan, was encouraged to attack this activist team by slashing tires, firebombing a bus and holding the door shut, and beating any of those who escaped.
Who were the Freedom Riders?
A justification of protest by logically arguing that one has a moral obligation to disobey unjust laws.
What is "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?
Supported the development of black-owned businesses, encouraged followers to drop their "slave" names, and demanded the creation of a separate Black nation.
Who are Black Muslims?
This rhetorical strategy is adopted by all four Civil Rights influencers to create intensity and fuel reactions with the audience.
What is pathos?
This movement was at the center of the civil rights movement with MLK's "Project C"--for Confrontation--and was organized to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Alabama.
What was the Birmingham Campaign (or Birmingham Protests)?
This was the first of 3 1965 protest marches organized to exercise the constitutional right to vote. State troopers and county posse men violently attacked the unarmed marchers with billy clubs and tear gas after they passed over the county line. This event contributed to the Voting Rights Act passed later in the year.
What is Bloody Sunday?
The rhetoric of this text criticizes the government for preventing African Americans from attaining full equality and playing a "political con game;" it attempts to unite all African Americans and urges them to stand up for their rights and no longer "turn the other cheek."
What is "The Ballot or the Bullet"?
The 13 black and white men and women who convinced the Federal government to enforce federal law for the integration of interstate travel.
Who were the Freedom Riders?
This device is utilized on a symbolic level featuring the story of the "friendly vessel" and "unfortunate vessel" meant to illustrate a solution for working together.
What is allegory?