Segregation
Organizations
Misc
Key Events
Congress
100
Who is arrested for refusing to give up a bus seat to a white man.
Rosa Parks
100
What is the Nation of Islam?
Black Muslims, advocate blacks separate from whites - believe whites source of black problems
100
Who was James Meredith?
He was first black man to enroll at U of MS
100
bBlack movement into Northern cities and neightborhoods results in
“white flight "
100
What did the Kerner Commission decide was the cause of the riots after MLK Jr was killed?
racism
200
Members of SNCC use ___ to desegregate lunch counters throughout the South.
sit-ins
200
The ___ is founded under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., for the purpose of carrying out nonviolent campaigns against segregation and racism.
SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference
200
He calls his brand of nonviolent resistance “soul force”
MLK Jr
200
WHat happened to the freedom riders
Riders brutally beaten by Alabama mobs; one bus firebombed
200
Explain defacto and dejure segregation
De facto segregation exists by practice, custom; problem in North • De jure segregation is segregation required by law
300
How did civil rights combat segregation of busses in Montgomery?
African Americans file lawsuit, boycott buses, use carpools, walk
300
How was the SNCC strategy different from the SCLC strategy
SNCC adopts nonviolence, but calls for more confrontational strategy. African-American students think pace of change too slow
300
What were positive outcomes of the civil rights in the 1960s?
More black students finish high school, college; get better jobs • Greater pride in racial identity leads to Black Studies programs • More African-American participation in movies, television • Increased voter registration results in more black elected officials
300
What is affirmitive action? What was a negative impact of it?
Extra effort to hire, enroll discriminated groups Late 1970s, some criticize policy as reverse discrimination
300
What did Civil Rights Act of 1968 accomlish?
prohibits discrimination in housing
400
How does the NAACP combat segrgation and racism? Who headed this effort?
Legal Campaign • Focuses on most glaring inequalities of segregated public education • Places team of law students under Thurgood Marshall
400
Who were the freedom riders?
Group that tests Court decision banning interstate bus segregation • Freedom riders—blacks, whites sit, use station facilities together
400
What were challenges to overcome in civil rights after the 1960s?
• Forced busing, higher taxes, militancy, riots reduce white support • White flight reverses much progress toward school integration • Unemployment, poverty higher than for whites
400
How did Presdient Eisenhower and JFK respond to problems in schools and attacks on protestors.
Used federal marshalls and used national guard troops to protect people
400
This eliminated the literacy test and stated that federal examiners could enroll voters denied suffrage by local officials.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
500
How were the Supreme Court cases Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka related?
• 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling: separate but equal constitutional • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka In 1954 case, Court unanimously strikes down school segregation. In the field of public education, “separate but equal” has no place
500
Who were the Black Panthers and what is Black Power?
Black Panthers fight police brutality, want black self-sufficiency • Preach ideas of Mao Zedong; have violent confrontations with police • MLK says “we shall overcome” • BP says “we shall overrun” Black Power:- African Americans control own lives, communities, without whites
500
WHat is the importance of Selma Al in civil rights?
1965, voting rights demonstrator killed in Selma, AL • King leads 600 protest marchers; TV shows police violently stop them • Second march, with federal protection, swells to 25,000 people
500
What happened to civil rights protesters in Birmingham?
• April 1963, SCLC demonstrate to desegregate Birmingham • King arrested, writes “Letter from Birmingham Jail” • TV news show police attacking child marchers—fire hoses, dogs, clubs • Continued protests, economic boycott, bad press end segregation
500
WHat did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish
- prohibits discrimination because of race, religion, gender - made segregation illegal in public accommodations
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