Supreme Court
This 1954 Supreme Court case declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This branch of government passed the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act.
What is legislative?
This clause was central in Brown v. Board of Education.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
This branch interprets the Constitution in civil rights cases.
What is the Judicial branch?
This 1947 case challenged segregation of Mexican American students in California and influenced later desegregation rulings.
What is Mendez v. Westminster School District?
This 1964 law banned discrimination in public accommodations and employment.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
This idea means laws must apply equally to all citizens.
What is equality under the law?
These federal actions increased voter participation among African Americans in the South.
What are the Voting Rights Act or the 24th Amendment?
This 1967 case struck down state laws banning interracial marriage.
What is Loving v. Virginia?
This 1965 law prohibited literacy tests and strengthened federal enforcement of voting rights.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
This level of government was often challenged for enforcing segregation before federal intervention.
What are state governments?
This movement pressured the government to pass civil rights legislation.
What is the Civil Rights Movement?
This constitutional principle was strengthened when the Court ruled segregation violated the 14th Amendment.
What is equal protection under the law?
This federal action allowed the government to enforce desegregation in schools and public facilities.
What is civil rights legislation under congressional authority?
This shows how federal courts can protect minority rights from majority rule.
What is judicial enforcement of constitutional rights?
One of the civil rights organizations that demonstrated how citizen activism can influence federal court decisions and congressional legislation.
What is SNCC, CORE, NAACP, or SCLC?
This Supreme Court action, established in Marbury v Madison, demonstrated that federal courts can override state laws that violate constitutional rights.
What is judicial review?
This shows how Congress used its constitutional powers to address inequality nationwide.
What is expanding federal authority to protect civil rights?
This broader principle limits government power when it violates civil liberties.
What is constitutional supremacy?
This principle describes the division of power between state and federal governments, often challenged during civil rights reforms.
What is federalism?