Civil War Facts
The ______________ in the United State between the northern and southern states was primarily caused by huge divisions over slavery, states' rights, and economic differences.
Civil War
The residents of a U.S. territory, rather than Congress, should decide whether to permit or prohibit slavery within their borders. This was called _________________________.
popular sovereignty
Tennessee was the ____ and final state to secede from the Union, officially joining the Confederate States of America on June 8th, 1861.
11th
______________________ served as the commander of the Confederate Army. Despite the South’s loss, his army became the most successful of the Southern armies until his surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.
Robert E. Lee
The ________________ was established by Congress in March 1865, it was a federal agency designed to help formerly enslaved people and poor whites in the South transition to freedom after the Civil War. It provided food, clothing, medical care, labor contract negotiation, and established schools.
Freeman's Bureau
The Civil War was fought between what years?
1861-1865
As part of the Compromise of 1850, the ____________________ provided slave owners with the legal right to reclaim runaways from other states.
Fugitive Slave Act
Leading up to the Civil War, the state of Tennessee was divided on whether to secede or remain part of the Union. Eastern Tennessee was overwhelmingly loyal to which side?
The Union
________________________ was a former enslaved person who became a leader in the abolitionist movement before and during the Civil War. He spent his life traveling the United States as an anti-slavery lecturer and was the first African American to hold a high government rank.
Immediately following the abolition of slavery by the 13th Amendment, Southern governments passed legislation to control the labor, mobility, and rights of newly freed African Americans. Their purpose was to ensure a stable, cheap labor force and prevent Black economic independence. These were called _____________________.
Black Codes
The southern states began to secede from the Union in December 1860. Who was the first southern state to secede? How many states seceded in all?
Pro-slavery settlers (often from Missouri) and anti-slavery "Free Staters" rushed into Kansas to influence the vote (popular sovereignty), leading to armed conflict. The violence, which resulted in roughly 55 deaths, solidified the national divide over slavery. This conflict was known as “_________________________”
"Bleeding Kansas"
The _______________________, February 1862, was a pivotal Civil War battle in Tennessee near the Cumberland River on the border of Kentucky, resulting in a major Union victory led by Ulysses S. Grant. Gaining control of the fort and capturing over 12,000 Confederate troops.
Siege of Fort Donelson
_________________________ was the leader of the Union Army during the Civil War. He’s remembered as one of the greatest generals in U.S. history. Later, in 1869, he was elected the 18th President of the United States. At 46, he became the youngest president in history at that point in time.
Ulysses S. Grant
As federal troops withdrew from the South in 1877, Southern states enacted a system of state and local laws that formalized racial segregation. These laws enforced separation in all public spaces, including schools, bathrooms, restaurants, theaters, parks, cemeteries, and water fountains. These laws were called ______________________.
Jim Crow Laws
_________________________ was the deep division between the industrial North and agricultural, slave-holding South, driven by opposing economic, cultural, and political differences. This was loyalty to their region over their country. They identified as a “northerner” or “southerner”, not an American.
Sectionalism
The _________________ was a legislative agreement in 1820 that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, keeping a 12-12 state balance in the senate. It prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory (Louisiana Purchase) north of the 36 30 parallel.
Missouri Compromise
The ___________________, December 1864, was a decisive Union victory that shattered Confederate General John Bell Hood’s Army of Tennessee. This battle marked the end of major Confederate military operations in Tennessee and was one of the most successful, one-sided victories for the Union in the entire war.
Battle of Nashville
___________________________ was a pro-Union Tennessean who served as Lincoln’s Vice President (1865) and became the 17th President upon Lincoln's assassination, overseeing the start of Reconstruction. He was the first U.S. president to be impeached, with the House voting 126–47 for impeachment on February 24, 1868.
Andrew Johnson
The _____________________ of 1870 sought to dismantle Reconstruction-era policies, re-establish conservative white control, and implement segregation. It instituted poll taxes to restrict Black voting, segregated school systems, and created a race-based education system.
Tennessee Constitutional Convention
Name all southern states that seceded from the Union.
Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Louisiana
Once the southern states seceded from the union, they named ______________________ as their capital and elected ___________________ as their first president of the Confederate States of America.
Richmond, Virginia, Jefferson Davis
________________________ was a farmer in Stewart County, Tennessee, who operated as a Confederate sniper in the Between-the-Rivers (Cumberland River) region of Tennessee and Kentucky during the American Civil War. While initially neutral, he devised a plan of vengeance after the Union cavalry executed his sons. He went on to scout and snipe Union generals, as well as all the men responsible for his sons’ execution, for the remainder of the war.
Jack Hinson
___________________________ was a 21-year-old Confederate scout from Smyrna, Tennessee known as the "Boy Hero of the Confederacy" for his refusal to betray his comrades. Captured by Union forces in Tennessee in November 1863 with spying documents, he rejected an offer of freedom in exchange for his informant's name.
Sam Davis
During the Reconstruction Era, three amendments were passed while reintegrating Southern states into the Union and defining the rights of four million newly freed African Americans. Name these amendments and tell what they did.
13th amendment- abolished slavery in the U.S.
14th amendment- granted citizenship to all persons (slaves) born in the U.S. and protected their basic rights
15th amendment- gave African American men the right to vote