Causes & Compromises
This 1820 agreement drew the 36' 30' line and admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.
Missouri Compromise
The war fought between the Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederacy) from 1861–1865.
The American Civil War (or Civil War)
This amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
13th Amendment.
This Texas holiday commemorates the day enslaved people in Texas learned they were free.
Juneteenth
What is the system called in which a farmer works land owned by another and gives a portion of the crop in return, often resulting in a cycle of debt?
Sharecropping
This 1854 law allowed territories to decide slavery by popular sovereignty and effectively nullified the Missouri Compromise.
Kansas‑Nebraska Act.
Which of the three Civil War battles in Texas listed in the document: Galveston, Sabine Pass, or this last battle of the war in Texas.
Palmito Ranch
This amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to people born in the U.S.
14th Amendment.
During which era did Texas secede from the Union and join the Confederacy? (Choose from: Texas Revolution, Mexican National, Civil War, Reconstruction)
Civil War.
200 — According to the sharecropper diagram, what happens when the sharecropper cannot pay debts? (one short answer)
He must promise a greater share of next year’s crop (or remain tied to the plantation).
This package of laws admitted California as a free state and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act; it attempted to ease sectional tensions in 1850. Name it.
Compromise of 1850.
Which region of the United States in 1861 had an economy primarily based on cotton cultivation?
The Deep South / Southeastern United States.
This amendment prohibited denying the right to vote because of race (gave African American men the legal right to vote).
15 Amendment
Where was the last battle of the Civil War fought in Texas? (one‑word place)
Palmito Ranch.
From the chart in the document, give two numeric examples that show the North’s industrial or financial advantage over the South (use whole numbers or simple amounts).
Examples: Railroads — North 22,000 miles, South 9,000 miles; Factories — North 110,000, South 20,600; Banks — North $207 million, South $47 million.
This political term describes loyalty to a region of the country rather than to the nation as a whole; it was a major cause of the Civil War.
Sectionalism
What advantage did the North have over the South related to industry and transportation?
Examples: More railroads (22,000 miles vs. 9,000), far more factories (110,000 vs. 20,600), and larger banking capital ($207 million vs. $47 million).
Many formerly enslaved people were legally free after the 13th Amendment but still faced restrictions like Black Codes and Jim Crow. Give one example of such a restriction (short answer).
Example: Southern states passed Black Codes restricting movement, work, voting, or access to courts despite the amendments.
Name one reason listed in the document for why the South seceded from the Union
High tariffs; to protect states' rights
What advantage did the North have over the South related to industry and transportation? Give two examples based on the chart in the document.
Big cities — North; Based on agriculture — South; Diverse economy — Both (or North/Both depending on teacher’s emphasis).
Explain how the Kansas‑Nebraska Act increased sectional conflict (one‑sentence answer appropriate for 7th grade).
Example answer: The Kansas‑Nebraska Act let settlers vote on slavery in new territories, which led to violence in Kansas and increased tensions between North and South.
Identify and briefly describe one way Texas contributed to the Confederate war effort
Example answer: Texas supplied food and crops to feed the Confederate armies (Grow crops to feed the Army).
Choose one of the 13th, 14th, or 15th Amendments and explain how it changed life for African Americans, and then name one way their rights were still limited during Reconstruction
The 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection, which helped protect legal rights. Still, many states enacted laws and practices (like literacy tests and poll taxes) that prevented African Americans from exercising those rights.
Explain why some Southern states did not free enslaved people immediately after the Emancipation Proclamation (one or two sentences).
Example: The Emancipation Proclamation applied to Confederate states but required Union control for enforcement; some areas were not under Union control until later, so enslaved people learned of freedom later (as in Texas on Juneteenth).
500 — Identify and briefly describe one way Texas contributed to the Confederate war effort according to the test content.
Example: Sharecropping required buying on credit and paying debts to the landowner; inflated accounting and required future crop shares kept sharecroppers indebted and unable to accumulate wealth or move away.