ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR
What issue over the expansion of slavery into new U.S. territories increased sectional tension between the North and South?
Whether slavery should be allowed to expand into western territories.
Which region's economy relied more heavily on plantations, agriculture, and enslaved labor before the Civil War?
The South
Who won the presidential election of 1860 without carrying most Southern states?
Abraham Lincoln
What Union military strategy called for blockading Southern ports and gaining control of the Mississippi River?
Anaconda Plan
What January 1, 1863 order issued by Abraham Lincoln declared enslaved people in Confederate-controlled areas to be free?
Emancipation Proclamation
What 1850 agreement admitted California as a free state and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law?
Compromise of 1850
Which region had a larger population, giving it more people available to serve in the military?
The North
Which state became the first to secede from the Union following Lincoln's election?
South Carolina
What July 1863 Union victory gave the North control of the Mississippi River?
Battle of Vicksburg
Which abolitionist led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1859 in an attempt to start a slave uprising?
John Brown
What 1854 law allowed settlers in Kansas and Nebraska to vote on whether slavery would be permitted in their territory?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Which region had an advantage in transporting troops and supplies because it controlled a larger railroad network?
The North
What new nation was formed by the Southern states that seceded from the Union? Who was their president?
Confederate States of America, Jefferson Davis
What three-day battle fought in Pennsylvania in July 1863 ended Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North?
Battle of Gettysburg
What event in April 1861 marked the beginning of the Civil War?
Attack on Fort Sumter
What principle in the Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed settlers to vote on whether their territory would permit slavery?
Popular sovereignty
The South produced large amounts of cotton but had fewer factories than the North. How did this create a disadvantage for the Confederacy during the Civil War?
The South had greater difficulty producing weapons and military supplies.
In what 1857 Supreme Court case did the Court rule that African Americans were not U.S. citizens and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories?
Dred Scott v. Sandford
What major Confederate military advantage was lost when the Union captured Vicksburg?
Confederate control of the Mississippi River
Which Union general eventually became commander of all Union armies and later accepted Robert E. Lee's surrender?
Ulysses S. Grant
What 1850 law required people in free states to help return escaped enslaved people to the South, increasing anger and resistance in the North?
Fugitive Slave Act
The North had advantages in population, factories, and railroads. What geographical advantage helped the South despite having fewer resources?
The South fought mainly on its own/familiar territory.
According to the Freeport Doctrine, how could a territory prevent slavery even after the Dred Scott decision?
By refusing to pass laws that protected slavery.
In July 1863, what did the Union victory at Gettysburg stop, and what did the Union victory at Vicksburg give the Union control of?
Gettysburg stopped Lee’s invasion of the North, and Vicksburg gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.
At what Virginia location did Robert E. Lee surrender to Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865, effectively bringing the Civil War to an end?
Appomattox Court House