Reconstruction
What was the primary purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
To assist formerly enslaved people with education, employment, food, and legal support.
What was the purpose of the reservation system?
To relocate Native Americans to designated lands for economic purposes and land -- railroads.
What was the Gold Standard?
Currency backed only by gold.
What did the Bessemer Process improve?
Steel production.
What is nativism?
Favoring native-born Americans over immigrants.
How did Redeemers and Radical Republicans differ?
Radical Republicans were Northern congressmen who fought for federal protection of Black civil rights during Reconstruction.
Redeemers were Southern Democrats who used violence and political maneuvering to restore white supremacy and dismantle those reforms
What was assimilation?
Forcing Native Americans to adopt American culture and customs.
Why did farmers support inflation? What method?
It made debts easier to repay.
Bimetallism -- Using both gold and silver as currency.
What is horizontal integration? What is vertical integration?
Buying competitors.
Controlling multiple stages of production.
Difference between push and pull factor?
Push: Something that drives people away from their homeland.
Pull: Something that attracts people to a new country.
Women's suffrage in the 15th Amendment, adopt Thaddeus Stevens’ radical economic views on confiscating and redistributing Confederate plantations, and how aggressively to pursue the immediate, uncompromising political equality like how Frederick Douglass wanted.
What was the goal of the Dawes Act? What did it lead to?
Assimilation through individual land ownership (no more reservations) and giving citizenship to Native Americas. Massive land loss.
What was the main purpose of the Populist Party?
Represent farmers and working-class Americans.
How did railroads contribute to industrialization?
Connected markets, lowered transportation costs, and encouraged growth.
Why was the Chinese Exclusion Act significant?
First major federal law restricting immigration by nationality.
How did the Compromise of 1877 contribute to the end of Reconstruction? Who was President?
Federal troops were removed from the South, ending federal enforcement of Reconstruction policies. Hayes.
Why is Wounded Knee considered significant?
It marked the symbolic end of major Native American resistance.
What was the significance of Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech?
It defended bimetallism and attacked the Gold Standard.
What is the difference between a Robber Baron and a Captain of Industry?
Robber Baron = exploitative business practices.
Captain of Industry = innovation and economic growth.
How did the Knights of Labor (KOL) differ from the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Knights included skilled and unskilled workers.
AFL focused on skilled workers.
What did the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments do?
13: End of Slavery
14: African American Citizenship
15: Black Men the Right to Vote
What were Indian Boarding Schools?
Institutions with the primary objective of forcibly assimilating Native American children into mainstream Anglo-American culture
Named for a farmers' organization, these state-level laws regulated railroad rates until an 1886 Supreme Court ruling led Congress to create the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).
Granger Laws
Detail at least 3 innovations from the Second Industrial Revolution and how they impacted the country/economy.
Assembly line, Bessemer process, telephone, electricity, oil, steel
What were the Railroad Strike of 1877, Haymarket, Homestead, and Pullman Strike? What did they have in common?
First major interstate strike
Anarchist, police, bombing, end of KOL
Violence at Carnegie Steel
National railroad strike and boycott centered outside Chicago at the Pullman luxury railway car company – let to Labor Day national holiday.
FEDS BROKE THEM UP