The Road to Reconstruction
This 1863 proposal by Abraham Lincoln offered amnesty to Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the Union.
What is Lincoln’s Plan?
A system where a farmer uses someone else’s land and pays for it with a portion of the harvest.
What is sharecropping?
This landmark legislation, passed over a presidential veto, guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
This type of law involves military government and the suspension of ordinary law.
What is martial law?
Amnesty is a synonym for this official act of forgiveness or "wiping the slate clean."
What is a pardon?
A violent uprising against an established government, such as the Southern rebellion.
What is an insurrection?
Unlike sharecroppers, these farmers often owned their own tools and equipment and kept a larger share of the crop.
What is tenant farming?
These discriminatory laws were passed by Southern states to restrict the freedom of formerly enslaved people.
What are Black Codes?
The crime of being homeless and without a job, which was used in the South to arrest and force Black people into labor.
What is vagrancy?
In the crop lien system, the crop itself serves as this, meaning something pledged as security for a loan.
What is collateral?
This term describes the period from 1865–1877 during which the U.S. began to rebuild the South.
What is Reconstruction?
This credit system allowed farmers to borrow supplies against the value of their future harvests, often leading to deep debt.
What is a crop lien?
To use fear or threats to influence or control the actions of others, often used by groups like the KKK.
What is intimidation?
Money or something else given to make up for a loss or injury.
What is compensation?
This is the specific year the first major Civil Rights Act was passed in the U.S.
What is 1866?
Many Northerners were this, meaning they had mixed or contradictory feelings about how to treat the former Confederate states.
What is ambivalent?
This refers to the ability to borrow money or obtain goods with the understanding that they will be paid for later.
What is credit?
This general term refers to the efforts by Southern whites to maintain white supremacy and oppose Reconstruction.
What is White Resistance?
To kill someone, usually by hanging, through extrajudicial mob action.
What is lynch?
A person who owns the land that sharecroppers or tenant farmers work on.
What is a landowner (or landlord)?
To formally charge a public official, such as a President, with misconduct in office.
What is impeach?
To take or seize someone’s property with authority, as the Union did with some Southern lands.
What is confiscation?
Entitlements such as freedom of speech and the right to vote that every citizen should have.
What are civil rights?
This federal agency was established in 1865 to provide food, clothing, and education to formerly enslaved people.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
This group of Northern politicians wanted to punish the South and protect the rights of Black citizens
Who are the Radical Republicans?