A House Divided (1844-1861)
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) ended war with this country that resulted in the U.S. annexing land north of the Rio Grande, leading to increased tensions over the future expansion of slavery.
What is Mexico?
The Civil War began when Confederate forces from South Carolina fired at this Union fort in 1861.
What is Fort Sumter?
This amendment outlawed slavery, except as punishment for a crime, in 1865 after the president was assassinated.
What is the 13th Amendment?
He opposed racial inequality as an African-American in the 1890s-1900s, arguing for economic opportunities instead.
Who was Booker T. Washington?
The 1954 Supreme Court case ruled:
“We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”
What is Brown v. Board of Ed.?
A prelude to the Civil War involved violence over the expansion of slavery was known as this "Bleeding" incident after new territories were allowed to decide the issue through popular sovereignty.
What is Bleeding Kansas?
This general and future president presided over the Union's victory by 1865 at Appomattox?
Who is Grant?
“No State shall… deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
are the text of this amendment that outlawed Black Codes passed in the South after the Civil War
What is the 14th Amendment?
Many African-Americans had limited job opportunities in the South after Reconstruction, with this economic system trapping many in a system working for former slaver holders until their debts were repaid?
What is sharecropping/ debt peonage?
This 1964 law passed by Congress outlawed all forms of segregation and discrimination in public areas along racial, national, gender, and religious grounds.
What is the Civil Rights Act (1964)?
His election in 1860 as the first Republican president led to the secession of South Carolina, triggering the beginning of the Civil War.
Who was Lincoln?
“It is for us the living… that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom…” were the final words of this famous speech given by Abraham Lincoln in 1863, redefining the Civil War as a defense of freedom for all people, regardless of race.
What is the Gettysburg Address?
This organization was established to provide freed African-Americans with education, aid, and jobs during Reconstruction?
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
This 1896 Supreme Court case ruled that racial segregation in public places was legal, solidifying racial inequality in the South until outlawed in 1964.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This 1965 law passed by Congress reduced barriers to voting on African-Americans in the Deep South, such as the use of literacy tests.
What is the Voting Rights Act (1965)?
“I am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood.”
Were the last words of this radical abolitionist who attempted to start a slave uprising during his botched raid on the armory in Harper's Ferry, Virginia in 1859.
Who is John Brown?
“That all persons held as slaves within said States… are, and henceforward shall be free.”
were the words of this critical executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln, the first time the federal government took definitive action against slavery
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
This white supremacist terror group known by its 3 letter acronym was stamped out by the Enforcement Acts after they terrorized African-Americans and white republicans in the South in the 1870s.
What is the KKK?
After federal troops were removed from the South in 1877, southern states passed a series of laws re-instating racial segregation and white supremacy, known as these laws.
What are Jim Crow laws?
“Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.”
wrote Martin Luther King Jr., who wrote this letter after his 1963 arrest.
What is Letter from Birmingham Jail?
This Supreme Court case attempted to end debate over slavery in 1857 by ruling anti-slavery laws unconstitutional and denying the right of citizenship to all African-Americans, regardless of their status.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
Lincoln's election in 1864 was only possible with two late Union victories just weeks before the election, where this famous general led a "March to the Sea", eliminating all buildings from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean.
Who is Sherman?
This Constitutional amendment was circumvented by southern States after reconstruction after they passed laws mandating literacy tests and poll taxes to vote.
What is 15th amendment?
This president won the disputed Election of 1876 after a compromise that led to the end of Reconstruction and the removal of federal troops from the South.
Who is Hayes?
Poll taxes were eliminated with this Constitutional Amendment in 1964.
What is the Twenty-fourth (24th) Amendment?