Road to War
What issue most strongly divided North and South before the Civil War?
Slavery, especially whether it would expand into western territories.
Who won the presidential election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln.
Which 1862 battle gave Lincoln an opportunity to announce preliminary emancipation?
Antietam.
Who was president of the Confederacy?
Jefferson Davis
What did the Emancipation Proclamation declare?
Freedom for enslaved people in areas in rebellion against the United States, effective January 1, 1863.
How many states formed the CSA?
11 States
What was sectionalism?
Loyalty to the interests of one region over those of the nation as a whole.
Which state was first to secede in December 1860?
South Carolina
Which side won the First Battle of Bull Run?
The Confederacy.
Who commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia?
Robert E. Lee
Did the Emancipation Proclamation immediately free every enslaved person in the U.S.?
No. It did not apply to all enslaved people, and enforcement depended on Union advances.
Was North Carolina in the Union or the CSA?
CSA, Confederate States of America
What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 try to maintain?
The balance of free and slave states; it also restricted slavery in part of the Louisiana Purchase.
What did Lincoln’s Republican Party oppose in 1860?
The expansion of slavery into federal territories.
What did First Bull Run show Americans about the war?
It would not be a quick or easy conflict.
Which Union general won at Vicksburg and later led Union armies?
Ulysses S. Grant.
What was the 54th Massachusetts?
A prominent Black Union infantry regiment organized in 1863.
Who was on of the leading radical abolitionists? he believed in using violence to end slavery.
John Brown
What did popular sovereignty allow settlers to decide?
Whether to permit slavery in their territory.
What was the Confederacy?
They believed Republican limits on slavery’s expansion threatened the future of slavery and their political power.
What was the major outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?
A Union victory that stopped Lee’s invasion of Pennsylvania.
Which Union general led the March to the Sea?
William Tecumseh Sherman.
What 1863 battle made the 54th Massachusetts especially famous?
The assault on Fort Wagner, South Carolina.
Who wrote the book Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act increase tensions?
It reopened the slavery question in those territories, overturning the Missouri Compromise restriction and contributing to violence.
Which side won the First Battle of Bull Run?
The Confederacy.
Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg important?
It gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and divided the Confederacy.
Name one hardship soldiers faced in camp besides combat.
Accept: disease, poor sanitation, inadequate food, harsh weather, homesickness, exhaustion, or similar.
Who was the 54th Massachusetts soldier known for protecting the U.S. flag at Fort Wagner?
Sergeant William H. Carney.
What was the Northern strategy called, put together by General Scott.
Anaconda Plan
What did the Dred Scott ruling say about Congress and slavery in federal territories?
Congress could not prohibit slavery in federal territories, according to the 1857 ruling.
What did First Bull Run show Americans about the war?
It would not be a quick or easy conflict.
Why are Gettysburg and Vicksburg called turning points?
Both major Union victories in July 1863 weakened Confederate prospects and shifted momentum toward the Union.
How could music help soldiers during the Civil War?
It could raise morale, mark marching rhythms, express patriotism, or provide comfort and connection to home.
Why was service by the 54th Massachusetts historically important?
Its soldiers challenged racist claims about Black troops, fought for the Union and freedom, and pressed for equal treatment.
Who signed the Indian Removal Act?
Andrew Jackson