Mesopotamia
What two rivers flowed through Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
What was the gift of the Nile?
Fertile Black Mud
As farmers settled in the fertile river valley, they began to grow surplus or extra food. This extra food increased the population of the settlement that led to the formation of cities.
Cities
Records were needed to keep an account of trade goods and food storage. The writing was needed because the information became too great
Writing
Shu is the god of _____
Air
In Greek, what does Mesopotamia mean?
a)Land between the rivers
What are cataracts?
a)Waterfalls or rapids
The growing population of cities made government or a system of rules necessary. Leaders emerged to maintain order and establish laws. Governments began to oversee the business or running and maintaining the cities. All civilizations have a system of government to direct people’s behavior and make life orderly. They also make and enforce laws, collect taxes, and protect its citizens.
Organized Government
All civilizations have a highly developed culture including the arts. Arts include creative forms of expression such as painting, architecture, literature, and music.
Art and Architecture
Set is the god of__________
Choas
Who was the first empire builder in Sumer?
a)Sargon of Akkad
What were pyramids made for?
Tombs for the Pharaohs
Religious leaders would conduct elaborate ceremonies to appease the gods and insure a bountiful harvest. Floods and droughts were blamed on the gods’ anger so rituals were conducted in the temples.
Religion
structures, like roads, dams, or post offices, paid for by government funds for public use.
Public Works
Isis is the goddess of
life
An eye for an_________.
eye
What was the Egyptian writing called?
Hieroglyphics
As cities grew, so did the need for specialized workers. No longer could individuals do all the work. Food surplus provided for the need for specialized skills from workers. Specialization helped workers refine their skills and specialize in one specific task.
Job Specialization
complex societies that first grew from the development of cities after the Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution) that brought far-reaching changes to human life resulting from the beginning of farming.
Osiris is the god of _______
death
What is silt?
The fine soil carried by rivers
What is was Egyptian paper made out of?
papyrus
As jobs became specialized so did the status and need for certain individuals. For instance, the need for a knowledgeable and educated religious leader was more RESPECTED than an unskilled worker. Herders were NEEDED and RESPECTED for the food while masons were needed for building.
social classes
he science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
Agriculture
Geb is the ______god
earth