Was Sumer in the northern or southern part of Mesopotamia?
southern
100
What areas did city-states include?
walled city and the land around it (usually farmland)
100
These were clay tablets on which advice for farmers was written.
almanacs
100
Another word for gods:
deities
100
Sargon, the first conqueror of the Sumerians, set up and ruled what came to be known as the _________ Empire.
Akkadian
200
Sumer is located between which two rivers?
Tigris and Euphrates
200
The Sumerian belief in many gods was called _____.
polytheism
200
Name an improvement that Sumerians made to plows.
bronze tips; seed funnels
200
Give one example of a person who would have belonged to the upper class in the Sumerian social structure.
king (and his family), nobles, priests, military leaders
200
Hammurabi conquered and united most of Mesopotamia in about 1790 BC and formed the __________ Empire.
Babylonian
300
The region of rich soil located between the two rivers in Mesopotamia is called the _______________.
Fertile Crescent
300
Archaeologists discovered 4,500 year-old Sumerian tombs in the Royal Cemetery of ______.
Ur
300
What measurement did Sumerians develop to know how much land they had for marking boundaries?
iku
300
Which Sumerian social class had the most members, with people such as merchants, scribes, craftworkers, and farmers?
middle class
300
After the Babylonian Empire fell, which two groups were the next to conquer Mesopotamia?
Hittites and Kassites
400
Artifacts such as pottery and farming tools would likely have been left behind by this early Mesopotamian culture that settled in Southern Mesopotamia between 5000 and 4000 BC.
Ubaid culture
400
Sumerians formed the world's first governing system ruled by a king. This system is called a ____.
monarchy
400
What was the largest and tallest building in every Sumerian city-state?
ziggurat
400
Name one example of a surplus that Sumerians would commonly trade for resources they wanted or needed.
wheat, barley, metal tools, jewelry, pottery
400
This empire gained control of Mesopotamia and brought more powerful weapons, a system of paved roads, and a postal system.
Assyrian Empire
500
What is the term for a plain that is formed from fine soil left behind by streams or rivers?
alluvial plain
500
Groups of traders that traveled together on long journeys, usually with donkeys carrying their goods, were called ___.
caravans
500
Usually, only scribes knew how to use this system of writing based on wedge-shaped symbols.
cuneiform
500
The oldest-known set of laws were carved onto a stone monument known as _________'s monument.
Ur-Nammu
500
Nebuchadnezzar, the ruler of the New Babylonian Empire, is believed to have built this famous addition to the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.